Financing of Irrigation Schemes and Irrigation Charges Practiced in Some Countries and our Country

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 23, 524 - 533, 30.04.2021

Cengiz Koç Nedim Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.865591

Öz

The objectives of financial management in the irrigation scheme Management-Operation and Maintenance (MOM) can be listed as facilitating the efficient use of assets belonging to the irrigation organization, managing financial assets for the benefit of its members, determining the financial status of the organization, establishing and protecting the trust of its members, and ensuring the existence and sustainability of the organization. MOM organizations of Irrigation schemes use irrigation fees to mobilize financial resources for the irrigation scheme MOM services from water users benefiting directly from the project. Although the methods of calculating irrigation charges differ according to countries, in most irrigation schemes, irrigation charges are based on irrigated area. There are very few examples of irrigation charges based on the price of water used. Irrigation charges used to increase the reliability of the water supplied and the incomes of MOM are determined by different methods. The cost of distributed water consists of the function of some special physical conditions and both agricultural and hydrological factors such as plant type, soil structure, amount of water and climate. The responsible MOM organization must establish a charge method to recover investment and depreciation expenses, and meet the costs of MOM and system improvement. On the other hand, irrigation charges have a positive effect on improving the management activities of the irrigation system when the collected revenues are used in the same project from which they were generated, and a strong MOM organizational structure is established. The aim of this study is to examine the MOM financing of irrigation scheme, irrigation charge methods and the effects of irrigation charges on irrigation performance in our country and other countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Irrigation MOM financing, Irrigation charge calculate, Irrigation charge methods, Irrigation charge and performance

Ülkemizde ve Bazı Ülkelerde Sulama Şebekelerinin Finansmanı ve Sulama Suyu Ücretleri

Öz

Sulama şebekeleri İşletme-bakım ve yönetiminde (İBY) finansal yönetimin amaçları, sulama organizasyonuna ait mülklerin etkin kullanımını sağlamak ve kolaylaştırmak, üyelerinin yararı için finansal varlıkları yönetmek, organizasyonun finansal durumunu belirlemek, üyelerinin güvenini kazanmak ve korumak, organizasyonun varlığını ve sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak olarak sıralanabilir. Sulama şebekeleri işletme-bakım ve yönetim organizasyonları projeden yaralanan su kullanıcılardan sulama şebekeleri İBY hizmetleri için finanasal kaynakları harekete geçirmede sulama ücretlerini kullanmaktadır. Sulama ücretlerini hesaplama yöntemleri ülkelere göre farklılık göstermesine karşın, sulama şebekelerinin büyük bir çoğunluğunda belirlenen sulama ücretleri sulanmış alanı temel almaktadır. Kullanılan suyun fiyatını temel alan sulama ücret yöntemi oldukça az örnekte yer almaktadır. Dağıtılan suyun güvenilirliği ve İBY gelirlerini sağlamak için yararlanılan sulama ücretleri farklı yöntemler ile belirlenmektedir. Dağıtılan suyun maliyeti, bitki çeşidi, toprak yapısı, suyun miktarı ve iklim gibi tarımsal ve hidrolojik etmenler ile bazı özel fiziki koşulların fonksiyonundan oluşmaktadır. Sorumlu İBY organizasyonu, yatırım giderlerini geri almak, İBY ve sistem iyileştirme giderlerini karşılamak için bir sulama ücret yöntemini belirlemelidir. Diğer yandan, toplanan gelirler elde edildikleri aynı projede kullanılır ve güçlü bir İBY organizasyon yapısı oluşturulduğunda, sulama ücretleri, sulama sisteminin yönetim aktivitelerini iyileştirmede olumlu bir etkiye sahip olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ülkemizde ve diğer ülkelerde sulama sistemleri İBY finansmanı, sulama ücret çeşitleri, sulama ücreti belirleme yöntemleri, İBY organizasyon performansı ve sulama performansı üzerine sulama ücretlerinin etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sulama finansmanı, sulama ücreti, sulama ücreti ve performans

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