Applications of Optical Brain Imaging Methods in Aviation Neuroergonomics

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 25, 380 - 391, 31.08.2021

Murat Çakır

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.919993

Öz

The development of objective methods that enable monitoring of the cognitive status of pilots, UAV operators, and air traffic controllers is critically important in aviation for improving flight safety, optimizing pilot/operator training and developing innovative man-machine interfaces. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) optical brain imaging technology offers significant advantages for this purpose by providing portable, rugged sensors that can be employed in the field to monitor neurophysiological markers during flight operations. This article reviews studies that employ fNIRS technology for cognitive workload assessment, operator interface evaluation, and g-loc/hypoxia prediction in aviation to document the potential of neurophysiological measurement modalities like fNIRS for aviation medicine and ergonomics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neuroergonomics, Optical Brain Imaging, Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy, Aviation Medicine, Aviation Psychology

Havacılık Nöroergonomisinde Optik Beyin Görüntüleme Uygulamaları

Öz

Pilotların, insansız hava aracı operatörlerinin, hava trafik kontrolörlerinin eğitim ve uçuş faaliyetleri sırasında bilişsel durumlarının takibini sağlayacak nesnel yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi uçuş emniyetinin sağlanması, eğitim süreçlerinin optimizasyonu ve yenilikçi insan-makine arayüzlerinin tasarımı bakımından kritik önem taşımaktadır. İşlevsel Yakın-Kızılötesi Tayfölçümü (functional near infrared spectroscopy – fNIRS) optik beyin görüntüleme teknolojisi gibi saha kullanımına uygun, portatif ve güvenilir nörofizyolojik ölçüm yöntemleri bu ihtiyaçlara yönelik bazı önemli avantajlar sunmaktadır. Bu derlemede fNIRS teknolojisinin dayandığı bilimsel temeller ve bu teknolojiyle gerçekleştirilmiş pilot/operatör bilişsel işyükü takibi, kontrol arayüzü değerlendirmesi, g-loc/hipoksi kestirimi gibi öncü havacılık uygulamalarından örnekler sunularak fNIRS yönteminin havacılık tıbbı ve ergonomisi alanları için sunduğu imkanların özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nöroergonomi, Optik Beyin Görüntüleme, İşlevsel Kızıl-ötesi Tayfölçümü, Havacılık Tıbbı, Havacılık Psikolojisi

Kaynakça

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