İki Zeytin Değirmeni Yan Ürününün Fenolik Ekstraktlarının Antikoagülan Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Zeytin Değirmeni Atıksu ve Zeytin Değirmeni Pirina

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 28, 826 - 830, 30.11.2021

Zakia Gueboudjı , Kenza Kadı Kamel Nagaz

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1005114

Cited By: 3

Öz

Akdeniz havzasında zeytinyağı üretimi bazı ülkeler için önemli bir ekonomik sektörü temsil etmektedir. Şu anda üretim sürekli büyüyor ve çevre pahasına yapılıyor. Ana ürünü olan sızma zeytinyağına ek olarak, zeytin değirmeni pirina (OMP) ve zeytin değirmeni atıksu (OMW) olmak üzere iki yan ürün üretmektedir. Bu yan ürünler, farmasötik endüstrisinde büyük önem taşıyan geniş polifenol yapılarına rağmen şimdiye kadar çok az ekonomik değere sahiptir. Bu çalışma, kuzeydoğu Cezayir, Khenchela bölgesinde soğuk ekstraksiyondan OMP ve OMW'nin fenolik ekstraktının antikoagülan etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladı. Bu aktivite, halk sağlığını tehdit eden ve dünya çapında önde gelen ölüm nedenini oluşturan kardiyovasküler hastalıkların ve bunların ciddi komplikasyonlarının önlenmesi ve tedavisindeki önemli rolü nedeniyle seçilmiştir. Polifenollerin ekstraksiyonu maserasyon yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Toplam polifenollerin içeriği Folin-Ciocalteu yöntemiyle tahmin edildi. Flavonoidlerin miktarı alüminyum klorür yöntemiyle belirlendi. Polifenollerin antikoagülan aktivitesi, Kaolin-sefalin pıhtılaşma Süresi (KCT) ve protrombin zamanı (PT) testleri kullanılarak in vitro olarak değerlendirildi. Bu polifenollerin varlığında normal plazmada elde edilen pıhtılaşma süreleri, bunların büyük bir antikoagülan aktivite sergilediklerini gösterdi. OMW özleri için hem endojen hem de eksojen pıhtılaşma yollarında çok yüksek derecede anlamlıydı ve OMP özleri için önemliydi. Bu aktivite, eksojen yoldan daha çok endojen pıhtılaşma yolu için gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, zeytinyağı pirina ve zeytin değirmeni atıksuyunun polifenolleri, farmasötik alanda trombotik hastalıkların komplikasyonlarına karşı antikoagülan olarak kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zeytin değirmeni yan ürünleri, Antikoagülan etki, Fenolik ekstrakt, Zeytin değirmeni atıksu, Zeytin değirmeni pirina, Polifenoller

Evaluation Of The Anticoagulant Effect Of Phenolic Extracts Of Two Olive Mill By-products: Olive Mill Wastewater And Olive Mill Pomace

Öz

In the Mediterranean basin, olive oil production represents an important economic sector for some countries. Currently, production is constantly growing and is done at the expense of the environment. In addition to its main product, which is virgin olive oil, it generates two by-products, olive mill pomace (OMP) and olive mill wastewater (OMW). These by-products have heretofore little economic value despite their large constitutions of polyphenols that are of great importance in the pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to assess the anticoagulant effect of the phenolic extract of OMP and OMW from cold extraction in the region of Khenchela, northeastern Algeria. This activity was chosen for its essential role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and their serious complications, which threaten public health and constitute the leading cause of death worldwide. The extraction of the polyphenols was done by the maceration method. The content of total polyphenols was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The amount of flavonoids was determined by the aluminum chloride method. The anticoagulant activity of the polyphenols was evaluated in vitro using the Kaolin-cephalin coagulation time (KCT) and prothrombin time (PT) tests. The coagulation times obtained in normal plasma in the presence of these polyphenols indicated that they exert a great anticoagulant activity. It was very highly significant on both endogenous and exogenous coagulation pathways for OMW extracts and significant for OMP extracts. This activity was observed more for the endogenous pathway of coagulation than the exogenous pathway. In conclusion, the polyphenols of olive oil pomace and olive mill wastewater can be used in the pharmaceutical field as an anticoagulant against the complications of thrombotic diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Olive mill by-products, Anticoagulant effect, Phenolic extract, Olive mill wastewater, Olive mill pomace, Polyphenols

Kaynakça

• Athukorala, Y., Lee, K. W., Kim, S. K., & Jeon, Y. J. (2007). Anticoagulant activity of marine green and brown algae collected from Jeju Island in Korea. Bioresource technology, 98(9), 1711-1716.
• Caquet, R. (2011). 250 examens de laboratoire: prescription et interprétation. Elsevier Masson.
• De Leonardis, A., Macciola, V., Lembo, G., Aretini, A., & Nag, A. (2007). Studies on oxidative stabilisation of lard by natural antioxidants recovered from olive-oil mill wastewater. Food Chemistry, 100(3), 998-1004.
• Gueboudji, Z., Bagues, M., Kadi, K., Nagaz, K., Addad, D. (2021b). Effect of storage time on the biodegradability of olive oil mill wastewater from the cold extraction of olive oil system. The EuroBiotech Journal, 5(3): 142-154. https://doi/10.2478/ebtj-2021-0023
• Gueboudji, Z., Kadi, K., Nagaz, K. (2021a). Extraction and Quantification of Polyphenols of Olive Oil Mill Wastewater from the Cold Extraction of Olive Oil in the Region of Khenchela-Algeria. Genetics and Biodiversity Journal. 116-122. http://ojs.univ-tlemcen.dz/index.php/GABJ
• Gullón, P., Gullón, B., Astray, G., Carpena, M., Fraga-Corral, M., Prieto, M.A., Simal-Gandara, J. (2020). Valorization of by-products from olive oil industry and added-value applications for innovative functional foods, Food Research International, Volume 137, 109683, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109683.
• Ibrahim, R. S., Mahrous, R. S., Fathy, H. M., Omar, A. A., & EL-Khair, R. M. A. (2020). Anticoagulant activity screening of an in-house database of natural compounds for discovering novel selective factor Xa inhibitors; a combined in silico and in vitro approach. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 29(4), 707-726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-020-02516-5
• Kadi, K., Mrah, R., Hamli, S., Lekmine, S., Dib, D., Addad, D., Boukeria, S., Gueboudji, Z., Hafsaoui, I. (2020). Evaluation of the anticoagulant activity of margins from olives extraction in the Khenchela region. Journal of Fundamental & Applied Science, 12 (2), 634-649. https://doi/10.4314/jfas.v12i2.8
• Liang, L., Ao, L., Ma, T., Ni, Y., Liao, X., Hu, X., & Song, Y. (2018). Sulfated modification and anticoagulant activity of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo, Lady Godiva) polysaccharide. International journal of biological macromolecules, 106, 447-455.
• Macheix, J. J., Fleuriet, A., & Sarni-Manchado, P. (2006). Composés phénoliques dans la plante-Structure, biosynthèse, répartition et rôles. Les polyphénols en agroalimentaire. Coordonnatrices Sarni-Manchado P et Cheynier V, TEC et DOC.(Eds), Lavoisier, Paris, 390-399.
• Roussas, S., Perraud-Gaime, I., Lakhtar, H., Aouidi, F., Labrousse, Y., Belkacem, N., ... & Artaud, J. (2009). Valorisation biotechnologique des sous produits de l'olivier par fermentation en milieu solide. Olivebioteq, 26, 52-59.
• Siangu, B. N., Sauda, S., John, M. K., & Njue, W. M. (2019). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of selected Kenyan medicinal plants, sea algae and medicinal wild mushrooms. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 13(3), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2018.0775
• Tomaru, T., Kawano, H. A., Tsujiuchi, Y., Suzuki, J. I., Nakajima, T., & Uchida, Y. (2005). Mechanism of antithrombotic effect of heparin and antithrombin in balloon-injured arteries. Life sciences, 77(21), 2611-2625. https://doi/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.084
• Uysal, S., Cvetanović, A., Zengin, G., Zeković, Z., Mahomoodally, M. F., & Bera, O. (2019). Optimization of maceration conditions for improving the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant effects of Momordica charantia L. leaves through response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Analytical Letters, 52(13), 2150-2163.
• Wendelboe, A. M., & Raskob, G. E. (2016). Global burden of thrombosis: epidemiologic aspects. Circulation research, 118(9), 1340-1347.
• Yeh, C. H., Hogg, K., & Weitz, J. I. (2015). Overview of the new oral anticoagulants: opportunities and challenges. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 35(5), 1056-1065.