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IACS Üyesi Klas Kuruluşarının Su Altı Aracı Manevrası Alanına İlişkin Kurallarının Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 28, 178 - 183, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.993414

Öz

Klas Kuruluşlarının varlık amaçları, deniz yollarında ticari faaliyetlerinin güvenliğini sağlama gerekliliğinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu üst düzey gereklilik, yük ve yolcu taşımacılığının yanı sıra denizlerden/deniz tabanından kaynakların çıkarılmasını ve rüzgar ve dalgalardan yenilenebilir enerji üretiminin güvenlikle ilgili tüm yönlerinin kapsar. Bir Klas Kuruluşunun bahse konu üst düzey gerekliliğin yerine getirilmesine ilişkin sorumluluğu platform ve sistemleriyle sınırlıdır. Geçmişte bu kapsam daha da sınırlıydı ve yalnızca deniz yüzeyinde gerçekleştirilen faaliyetleri kapsamaktaydı. Deniz tabanının altındaki kaynaklara olan bağımlılığın artması, su altı yük taşımacılığı kavramının ortaya çıkması ve gelişen turistik denizaltı endüstrisi bu kapsamın genişlemesine sebep olmuştur. Bunun bir sonucu olarak, Klas Kuruluşları tarafından “sualtı” kuralları geliştirilmiştir. Bu kurallar çoğunlukla yüzey kurallarının uyarlanmış versiyonlarıdır. Genellikle bu kurallar platformun ve sistemlerinin dayanıklılığı, güvenilirliği ve yedeklenebilirliği kavramları üzerine inşa edilmişlerdir. Bu kurallarının güncel versiyonlarında manevra kavramına çoğunlukla doğrudan değinilmemektedir. Su üstü gemilerinin aksine manevra özellikleri, su altı araçlarının güvenliği üzerinde hayati sonuçlar doğurabilir. Bunun nedeni, bir su altı aracının düşey düzlemde sahip olduğu ilave iki serbestlik derecesidir. Bu çalışma, IACS (International Association of Classification Societies-Uluslararası Klas Kuruluşları Birliği) üyesi olan Klas Kuruluşlarının su altı aracı manevralarına ilişkin kuralların mevcut durumunu özetlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Daha sonra mevcut kurallar kategorize edilmiş, her bir kategorinin gelişmişlik ve benzerlik düzeyi hakkında bir sonuca varmak için Klas Kuruluşları arasında kural bazında bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • American Bureau for Shipping (ABS), Rules for building and classing Underwater vehicles, systems and hyperbaric Facilities, January 2021, available at: https://ww2.eagle. org/content/dam/eagle/rules-and-guides/current/ special_service/7_rulesforbuildingandclassingunderwatervehiclessystemsandhyperbaricfacilities_2021/uwvs-rules-jan21.pdf [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Bureau Veritas (BV), Rules for the Classification of Naval Submarines”, September 2018, available at: https://marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com/nr535-rules-classification-naval-submarines [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • China Classification Society (CCS), Rules For Classification of Diving Systems and Submersibles, December 2018, available at: https://www.ccs.org.cn/ccswzen/specialDetail?id= 201910000000003438 [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Det Norske Veritas (DNV), Rules for classification Underwater Technology Edition Part 5 Types of UWT Systems Chapter 6 Manned Submersibles, January 2018, available at: https://rules.dnv.com/ServiceDocuments/dnv/#!/industry/1/Maritime/5/Rules%20for%20classification:%20Underwater%20technology%20(RU-UWT) [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Feldman, J. P. (1995). Method of Performing Captive-Model Experiments to predict the Stability and Control Characteristics of Submarines. Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division, Bethesda, MD.
  • Korean Register of Shipping (KRS) Rules and Guidance for the Classification of Underwater Vehicles, 2021, available at: https://eclass.krs.co.kr/KRRules/KRRules2016/data/DATA_OTHER/ENGLISH/ rb05e000.pdf [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Lloyd’s Register (LR), Rules and Regulations for the Construction & Classification of Submersibles & Diving Systems, July 2020, available at: https://www.lr.org/en/rules-for-submersibles/ [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Nippon Kaui Kyakai (ClassNK), Rules for the Survey and Construction of Steel Ships Contents-Part T Submersibles, 2020, available at: https://www.classnk.or.jp/account/en/ Rules_Guidance/ssl/tech_rules.aspx [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Registro Italiano Navale (RINA), Rules for the Classification of Underwater Units, January 2011, available at: https://membermarine.rina.org/content/rg [accessed 17 May 2021].
  • Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RMRS), Rules for the Classification and Construction of Manned Submersibles, Ship’s Diving Systems and Passenger Submersibles, November 2004, available at: https://rs-class.org/forms/view.php?pdf=/upload/iblock/898/89898a255ffa405ede564077a6e59f45.pdf [accessed 04 May 2021].

Comparison Of The Rules Of Classification Societies (IACS Members) In The Area Of Submersible Maneuvering

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 28, 178 - 183, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.993414

Öz

The Classification Societies find their purpose of existence from the requirement of ensuring safety of merchant activities on seaways. This high-level requirement contains all the safety related aspects of cargo and passenger transportation as well as extraction of resources from seas/under seabed and renewable energy production from wind and waves. The scope of a Classification Society in that high-level requirement is limited on the platform and its systems. A few decades ago, this scope is even more limited and solely consists of activities, which were performed on sea surface. Increasing dependency on the resources under the ocean floor, emergence concept of underwater cargo transportation and developing industry of tourist submarine cruises enlarged this scope. As a consequence of this “underwater” rules were developed by Classification Societies. These rules are mostly the adapted versions of the surface rules. They generally consist of strength, reliability and redundancy of the platform and its systems. However, maneuvering is not directly mentioned in the current versions of the underwater rules. On contrary to the surface vessels maneuvering characteristics can have vital consequences on the safety of underwater vehicle. The reason behind this, is the additional 2-DOF that a submersible has in the vertical plane. This paper is aiming to summarize the current status of the rules on submersible maneuvering of the Classification Societies that are members of IACS (International Association of Classification Societies). Then the existing rules were categorized. A comparison was made between Classification Societies for each of the rule to come out a conclusion about the maturity and commonality level of each category.

Kaynakça

  • American Bureau for Shipping (ABS), Rules for building and classing Underwater vehicles, systems and hyperbaric Facilities, January 2021, available at: https://ww2.eagle. org/content/dam/eagle/rules-and-guides/current/ special_service/7_rulesforbuildingandclassingunderwatervehiclessystemsandhyperbaricfacilities_2021/uwvs-rules-jan21.pdf [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Bureau Veritas (BV), Rules for the Classification of Naval Submarines”, September 2018, available at: https://marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com/nr535-rules-classification-naval-submarines [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • China Classification Society (CCS), Rules For Classification of Diving Systems and Submersibles, December 2018, available at: https://www.ccs.org.cn/ccswzen/specialDetail?id= 201910000000003438 [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Det Norske Veritas (DNV), Rules for classification Underwater Technology Edition Part 5 Types of UWT Systems Chapter 6 Manned Submersibles, January 2018, available at: https://rules.dnv.com/ServiceDocuments/dnv/#!/industry/1/Maritime/5/Rules%20for%20classification:%20Underwater%20technology%20(RU-UWT) [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Feldman, J. P. (1995). Method of Performing Captive-Model Experiments to predict the Stability and Control Characteristics of Submarines. Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division, Bethesda, MD.
  • Korean Register of Shipping (KRS) Rules and Guidance for the Classification of Underwater Vehicles, 2021, available at: https://eclass.krs.co.kr/KRRules/KRRules2016/data/DATA_OTHER/ENGLISH/ rb05e000.pdf [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Lloyd’s Register (LR), Rules and Regulations for the Construction & Classification of Submersibles & Diving Systems, July 2020, available at: https://www.lr.org/en/rules-for-submersibles/ [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Nippon Kaui Kyakai (ClassNK), Rules for the Survey and Construction of Steel Ships Contents-Part T Submersibles, 2020, available at: https://www.classnk.or.jp/account/en/ Rules_Guidance/ssl/tech_rules.aspx [accessed 04 May 2021].
  • Registro Italiano Navale (RINA), Rules for the Classification of Underwater Units, January 2011, available at: https://membermarine.rina.org/content/rg [accessed 17 May 2021].
  • Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RMRS), Rules for the Classification and Construction of Manned Submersibles, Ship’s Diving Systems and Passenger Submersibles, November 2004, available at: https://rs-class.org/forms/view.php?pdf=/upload/iblock/898/89898a255ffa405ede564077a6e59f45.pdf [accessed 04 May 2021].
Toplam 10 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Oğuzhan Kırıkbaş 0000-0002-2504-8727

Şakir Bal 0000-0001-8688-8482

Mehmet Ali Baykal Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2876-4232

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 28

Kaynak Göster

APA Kırıkbaş, O., Bal, Ş., & Baykal, M. A. (2021). Comparison Of The Rules Of Classification Societies (IACS Members) In The Area Of Submersible Maneuvering. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(28), 178-183. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.993414