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Altyapı Sorunlarına Yenilikçi Çözüm Önerilerinin Getirilmesi

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 31, 755 - 763, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1006062

Öz

İstanbul’da hızlı nüfus artışı ve yeterli denetimlerin olmaması nedeniyle 90’lı yıllara kadar çarpık yapılaşmanın hızla arttığı görülmüştür. 1995’den günümüze kadar çarpık yapılaşmanın önlenmesi amacıyla teknolojiden yararlanılarak denetimler artırılmış ve toplu konut yapımlarına hız verilmiştir. Şehrin imara açık bölgelerinde her tür altyapısı planlı olan uydu kentler oluşturulmaktadır. Son yıllarda uydu kentlerin kurulmasına hız verilmesine rağmen, ilin büyük bir bölümünde geçmişten kalan çarpık yapılaşma mevcuttur. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma; yüksek altyapı maliyetlerinin minimuma indirilmesi, kentsel planlama ve altyapı hizmeti veren kurumların birlikte planlarını oluşturması ile mümkündür. Ancak İstanbul’un büyük bir bölümünde şehirleşme süreci tamamlandığından bunun için geç kalındığı da anlaşılmaktadır. Bu noktada öncelikle yapılması gereken mevcut altyapı sorunlarının çözümünün bir merkezden gerçekleştirilmesidir. Yani su ve kanalizasyon, elektrik, telefon ve doğalgaz altyapı hizmetlerini sunan kurumlar ile belediyelerin ulaşım hizmetleri arasında koordinasyonun bir merkezden sağlanmasıdır. Altyapılar genellikle yollar ve kaldırım altlarına inşa edildiğinden ilgili belediyelerin ulaşım altyapısı da dikkate alınmalıdır. İstanbul ilinde su, elektrik, doğalgaz ve telefon gibi altyapı sistemlerinin bir arada döşenebilmesini sağlayan “Utility Tunnel” olarak bilinen “kapaklı betonarme altyapı tünellerinin” tesis edilmesi durumunda tamir ve yenilemenin çok daha kolay yapılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Yapılması öngörülen çalışmada nihai hedef birçok altyapı sorunu senaryosunun oluşturulabileceği, problemler ortaya çıkmadan gerekli çözümlerin bulunabileceği ve koordinasyonu sağlayan bir merkezin oluşturulması ile İstanbul’un altyapı sistemlerine özgü kısa ve uzun vadeli yenilikçi ve ekonomik çözümlerin bulunmasıdır.

Kaynakça

  • AbouRizk, S. M., Ruwanpura, J. Y., Er, K. C., & Fernando, I. (1999). Special purpose simulation template for utility tunnel construction. In Simulation Conference Proceedings, 1999 Winter (Vol. 2, pp. 948-955). IEEE.
  • Allouche, E. N., Ariaratnam, S. T., & Lueke, J. S. (2000). Horizontal directional drilling: profile of an emerging industry. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 126(1), 68-76.
  • Ariaratnam, S. T., Chan, W., & Choi, D. (2006). Utilization of trenchless construction methods in mainland China to sustain urban infrastructure. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 11(3), 134-141.
  • Ariaratnam, S. T., Lueke, J. S., & Allouche, E. N. (1999). Utilization of trenchless construction methods by Canadian municipalities. Journal of construction engineering and management, 125(2), 76-86.
  • Bartholmai, M., Neumann, P. P., & Lazik, D. (2013). Multifunctional Sensor for Monitoring of CO2 Underground Storage by Comprehensive and Spatially Resolved Measuring of Gas Concentrations, Temperature and Structural Changes. Energy Procedia, 37, 4033-4040.
  • Bennett, D. (2005). The Art of Precast Concrete: Colour, Texture, Expression. Berlin, Boston: Birkhäuser. Publishers for Architecture, Basel, Switzerland. Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Our common future—Call for action. Environmental Conservation, 14(4), 291-294.
  • Canto-Perello, J., Curiel-Esparza, J., & Calvo, V. (2013). Criticality and threat analysis on utility tunnels for planning security policies of utilities in urban underground space. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(11), 4707-4714.
  • Canto-Perello, J., Curiel-Esparza, J., & Calvo, V. (2009). Analysing utility tunnels and highway networks coordination dilemma. Tunnelling and Underground space technology, 24(2), 185-189.
  • Canto-Perello, J., & Curiel-Esparza, J. (2006). An analysis of utility tunnel viability in urban areas. Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems, 23(1), 11-19.
  • Canto-Perello, J., & Curiel-Esparza, J. (2001). Human factors engineering in utility tunnel design. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 16(3), 211-215.
  • Capitol Visitor Center Project Office, Architect of the Capitol. United States Capitol Visitor Center Weekly Construction Summary. October 11, 2005. 3 Mayıs 2015 tarihinde http://www.aoc.gov/cvc/weekly/2005/upload/Construction%20Summary%2010-10-05.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Chen, J., Shi, X., & Li, J. (2010). Shaking table test of utility tunnel under non-uniform earthquake wave excitation. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 30(11), 1400-1416. Curiel-Esparza, J., & Canto-Perello, J. (2005). Indoor atmosphere hazard identification in person entry urban utility tunnels. Tunnelling and underground space technology, 20(5), 426-434.
  • Gagnon, M., Gaudreault, V., & Overton, D. (2008). Age of public infrastructure: A provincial perspective. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Glisic B. ve Inaudi D. (2007). Fibre Optic Methods for Structural Health Monitoring. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-06142-8.
  • Gökçen, T. (2006). “Influence of urban geometry on public investment cost of urban technical infrastructure: a case study of sewer system in Aydın, Turkey”. İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Hall, P., & Pfeiffer, U. (2013). Urban future 21: a global agenda for twenty-first century cities. Routledge.
  • Hunt, D. V. L., Nash, D., & Rogers, C. D. F. (2014). Sustainable utility placement via multi-utility tunnels. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 39, 15-26.
  • Inaudi D. ve Glisic B. (2008) “Overview of fibre optic sensing to structural health monitoring applications.” 4th IAG Symposium on Geodesy for Geotechnical and Structural Engineering. LNEC, Lisbon, 2008 May 12-15.
  • Inaudi D., Glisic B. Figini A., Walder R. (2007) “Papeline Leakage Detection and Localization Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing”. Rio Pipeline Conference & Exposition.
  • Inaudi, D., & Glisic, B. (2006). Reliability and field testing of distributed strain and temperature sensors. In Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Smart Sensor Monitoring Systems and Applications (Vol. 6167, p. 61671D). International Society for Optics and Photonics. SPIE Smart Structures and Materials Conference in San Diego. 2006 February 27- March 2, 2006.
  • Inaudi D. ve Glisic B. (2005). “Field Applications of Fiber Optic Strain and Temperature Monitoring Systems”. Opto-electronic Sensor-based Monitoring in Geo-engineering,Nanjing, P.R.China, November 23-24.
  • Ishii, H., Kawamura, K., Ono, T., Megumi, H., & Kikkawa, A. (1997). A fire detection system using optical fibres for utility tunnels. Fire safety journal, 29(2-3), 87-98.
  • Karahan A. (2009). Gri Suyun Değerlendirilmesi. IX. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi Ve Sergisi. TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası.
  • Keirstead, J., & Shah, N. (2013). The Changing Role of Optimization in Urban Planning. In Optimization, Simulation, and Control (pp. 175-193). Springer New York.
  • Li, H. N., Li, D. S., & Song, G. B. (2004). Recent applications of fiber optic sensors to health monitoring in civil engineering. Engineering structures, 26(11), 1647-1657.
  • Ma, B., & Najafi, M. (2008). Development and applications of trenchless technology in China. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 23(4), 476-480.
  • Mendoza-Espinosa, Leopoldo G.; Figueroa-Nolasco, Manuel O.; Lopez-Calva, Enrique. (2006) Systems Modeling for the Planning of Greywater Management in New Housing Developments in The City of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, WEFTEC 2006: Session 71 through Session 80, pp. 6053-6066(14).
  • Nikles M., Vogel B., Fabien B., Grosswig S., Sauser F., Luebbecke S., Bals A., Pfeiffer T. (2004). “Leakage detection using fiber optics distributed temperature monitoring”. Smart Structures and Materials 2004: Smart Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems. Edited by Udd, Eric; Inaudi, Daniele. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 5384, pp. 18-25.
  • Parriaux, A., Blunier, P., Maire, P., & Tacher, L. (2007, September). The DEEP CITY project: a global concept for a sustainable urban underground management. In 11th ACUUS International Conference, Underground Space: Expanding the Frontiers (No. CONF, pp. 255-260).
  • Rajeev, P., Kodikara, J., Chiu, W. K., & Kuen, T. (2013). Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors and Their Applications in Pipeline Monitoring. Key Engineering Materials, 558, 424-434.
  • Rehan, R., Knight, M. A., Unger, A. J. A., & Haas, C. T. (2013). Financially sustainable management strategies for urban wastewater collection infrastructure–Development of a system dynamics model. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 39, 1-14.
  • Riera, P., & Pasqual, J. (1992). The importance of urban underground land value in project evaluation: a case study of Barcelona's utility tunnel. Tunnelling and underground space technology, 7(3), 243-250.
  • Rivard Concrete. (2014). 3 Haziran 2014 tarihinde https://rivardconcrete.com adresinden erişildi.
  • Rogers, C. D. F., & Hunt, D. V. L. (2006, May). Sustainable utility infrastructure via multi-utility tunnels. In Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering 2006 conference, Towards a sustainable future, Calgary.
  • Ruiz F. P. (2009). A precast concrete utility tunnel was the solution for one of the world's largest drug manufacturers. Precast Utility Tunnel: Eli Lilly and Co. Project. National Precast Concrete Association Indianapolis, IN 46290. 3 Mayıs 2015 http://www.precastsolutions.org/PrecastSolutions/Home.aspx adresinden erişildi.
  • Sterling, R. L. (2007). Urban underground space use planning: a growing dilemma. Urban Planning International, 6(004).
  • Tighe, S., Knight, M., Papoutsis, D., Rodriguez, V., & Walker, C. (2002). User cost savings in eliminating pavement excavations through employing trenchless technologies. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 29(5), 751-761.
  • University of Washington – Engineering Services (2017). Civil Facilities Services Design Guide Utility Tunnels and Trenches. 01 Ocak 2019 tarihinde https://facilities.uw.edu/files/media/fsdg-02-u-utility-tunnels-trenches.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Waters, T. R., Lu, M. L., & Occhipinti, E. (2007). New procedure for assessing sequential manual lifting jobs using the revised NIOSH lifting equation. Ergonomics, 50(11), 1761-1770. Willoughby, D. (2005). Horizontal directional drilling: utility and pipeline applications. McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Yang, J., & Wang, H. (2013). Seismic response analysis of shallow utility tunnel in liquefiable soils. In ICPTT 2012: Better Pipeline Infrastructure for a Better Life (pp. 1606-1618).
  • Zaneldin, E. K. (2007). Trenchless construction: an emerging technology in United Arab Emirates. Tunnelling and underground space technology, 22(1), 96-105.

Innovative Solution Suggestions to Infrastructure Problems

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 31, 755 - 763, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1006062

Öz

Unplanned buildings in Istanbul expanded significantly until the 1990s due to high population expansion and insufficient inspections. Inspections have been enhanced, and mass home development has been expedited from 1995 to the present by utilizing technology to avoid uncontrolled construction. Satellite cities with various types of infrastructure are being developed for sections of the city that are available for development. Although the development of satellite cities has been expedited in recent years, a significant portion of the province still has a skewed settlement from the past. Sustainable development is only feasible if entities that provide urban planning and infrastructure services collaborate to design their plans. However, because the urbanization process has been finished in a significant portion of Istanbul, it is recognized that this is too late. The initial step at this stage is to address current infrastructure issues from a central location. In other words, it is the coordination from the central area of the institutions supplying water and sewage infrastructure, power, telephone, and natural gas infrastructure, and municipal transportation services. Because infrastructures are typically developed beneath roads and pavements, the appropriate towns' transportation infrastructure should also be considered. It is believed that installing "reinforced concrete infrastructure tunnels" known as "Utility Tunnels," which allow electricity, telephone, natural gas, and water infrastructure systems to be linked together, will make maintenance and renewal considerably easier. The project's ultimate goal is to establish a center where many infrastructure problem scenarios can be created and necessary solutions can be found before problems arise, as well as to establish a center that provides coordination and finds short and long-term innovative and economical solutions specific to Istanbul's infrastructure systems.

Kaynakça

  • AbouRizk, S. M., Ruwanpura, J. Y., Er, K. C., & Fernando, I. (1999). Special purpose simulation template for utility tunnel construction. In Simulation Conference Proceedings, 1999 Winter (Vol. 2, pp. 948-955). IEEE.
  • Allouche, E. N., Ariaratnam, S. T., & Lueke, J. S. (2000). Horizontal directional drilling: profile of an emerging industry. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 126(1), 68-76.
  • Ariaratnam, S. T., Chan, W., & Choi, D. (2006). Utilization of trenchless construction methods in mainland China to sustain urban infrastructure. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 11(3), 134-141.
  • Ariaratnam, S. T., Lueke, J. S., & Allouche, E. N. (1999). Utilization of trenchless construction methods by Canadian municipalities. Journal of construction engineering and management, 125(2), 76-86.
  • Bartholmai, M., Neumann, P. P., & Lazik, D. (2013). Multifunctional Sensor for Monitoring of CO2 Underground Storage by Comprehensive and Spatially Resolved Measuring of Gas Concentrations, Temperature and Structural Changes. Energy Procedia, 37, 4033-4040.
  • Bennett, D. (2005). The Art of Precast Concrete: Colour, Texture, Expression. Berlin, Boston: Birkhäuser. Publishers for Architecture, Basel, Switzerland. Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Our common future—Call for action. Environmental Conservation, 14(4), 291-294.
  • Canto-Perello, J., Curiel-Esparza, J., & Calvo, V. (2013). Criticality and threat analysis on utility tunnels for planning security policies of utilities in urban underground space. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(11), 4707-4714.
  • Canto-Perello, J., Curiel-Esparza, J., & Calvo, V. (2009). Analysing utility tunnels and highway networks coordination dilemma. Tunnelling and Underground space technology, 24(2), 185-189.
  • Canto-Perello, J., & Curiel-Esparza, J. (2006). An analysis of utility tunnel viability in urban areas. Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems, 23(1), 11-19.
  • Canto-Perello, J., & Curiel-Esparza, J. (2001). Human factors engineering in utility tunnel design. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 16(3), 211-215.
  • Capitol Visitor Center Project Office, Architect of the Capitol. United States Capitol Visitor Center Weekly Construction Summary. October 11, 2005. 3 Mayıs 2015 tarihinde http://www.aoc.gov/cvc/weekly/2005/upload/Construction%20Summary%2010-10-05.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Chen, J., Shi, X., & Li, J. (2010). Shaking table test of utility tunnel under non-uniform earthquake wave excitation. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 30(11), 1400-1416. Curiel-Esparza, J., & Canto-Perello, J. (2005). Indoor atmosphere hazard identification in person entry urban utility tunnels. Tunnelling and underground space technology, 20(5), 426-434.
  • Gagnon, M., Gaudreault, V., & Overton, D. (2008). Age of public infrastructure: A provincial perspective. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Glisic B. ve Inaudi D. (2007). Fibre Optic Methods for Structural Health Monitoring. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-06142-8.
  • Gökçen, T. (2006). “Influence of urban geometry on public investment cost of urban technical infrastructure: a case study of sewer system in Aydın, Turkey”. İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Hall, P., & Pfeiffer, U. (2013). Urban future 21: a global agenda for twenty-first century cities. Routledge.
  • Hunt, D. V. L., Nash, D., & Rogers, C. D. F. (2014). Sustainable utility placement via multi-utility tunnels. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 39, 15-26.
  • Inaudi D. ve Glisic B. (2008) “Overview of fibre optic sensing to structural health monitoring applications.” 4th IAG Symposium on Geodesy for Geotechnical and Structural Engineering. LNEC, Lisbon, 2008 May 12-15.
  • Inaudi D., Glisic B. Figini A., Walder R. (2007) “Papeline Leakage Detection and Localization Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing”. Rio Pipeline Conference & Exposition.
  • Inaudi, D., & Glisic, B. (2006). Reliability and field testing of distributed strain and temperature sensors. In Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Smart Sensor Monitoring Systems and Applications (Vol. 6167, p. 61671D). International Society for Optics and Photonics. SPIE Smart Structures and Materials Conference in San Diego. 2006 February 27- March 2, 2006.
  • Inaudi D. ve Glisic B. (2005). “Field Applications of Fiber Optic Strain and Temperature Monitoring Systems”. Opto-electronic Sensor-based Monitoring in Geo-engineering,Nanjing, P.R.China, November 23-24.
  • Ishii, H., Kawamura, K., Ono, T., Megumi, H., & Kikkawa, A. (1997). A fire detection system using optical fibres for utility tunnels. Fire safety journal, 29(2-3), 87-98.
  • Karahan A. (2009). Gri Suyun Değerlendirilmesi. IX. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi Ve Sergisi. TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası.
  • Keirstead, J., & Shah, N. (2013). The Changing Role of Optimization in Urban Planning. In Optimization, Simulation, and Control (pp. 175-193). Springer New York.
  • Li, H. N., Li, D. S., & Song, G. B. (2004). Recent applications of fiber optic sensors to health monitoring in civil engineering. Engineering structures, 26(11), 1647-1657.
  • Ma, B., & Najafi, M. (2008). Development and applications of trenchless technology in China. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 23(4), 476-480.
  • Mendoza-Espinosa, Leopoldo G.; Figueroa-Nolasco, Manuel O.; Lopez-Calva, Enrique. (2006) Systems Modeling for the Planning of Greywater Management in New Housing Developments in The City of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, WEFTEC 2006: Session 71 through Session 80, pp. 6053-6066(14).
  • Nikles M., Vogel B., Fabien B., Grosswig S., Sauser F., Luebbecke S., Bals A., Pfeiffer T. (2004). “Leakage detection using fiber optics distributed temperature monitoring”. Smart Structures and Materials 2004: Smart Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems. Edited by Udd, Eric; Inaudi, Daniele. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 5384, pp. 18-25.
  • Parriaux, A., Blunier, P., Maire, P., & Tacher, L. (2007, September). The DEEP CITY project: a global concept for a sustainable urban underground management. In 11th ACUUS International Conference, Underground Space: Expanding the Frontiers (No. CONF, pp. 255-260).
  • Rajeev, P., Kodikara, J., Chiu, W. K., & Kuen, T. (2013). Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors and Their Applications in Pipeline Monitoring. Key Engineering Materials, 558, 424-434.
  • Rehan, R., Knight, M. A., Unger, A. J. A., & Haas, C. T. (2013). Financially sustainable management strategies for urban wastewater collection infrastructure–Development of a system dynamics model. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 39, 1-14.
  • Riera, P., & Pasqual, J. (1992). The importance of urban underground land value in project evaluation: a case study of Barcelona's utility tunnel. Tunnelling and underground space technology, 7(3), 243-250.
  • Rivard Concrete. (2014). 3 Haziran 2014 tarihinde https://rivardconcrete.com adresinden erişildi.
  • Rogers, C. D. F., & Hunt, D. V. L. (2006, May). Sustainable utility infrastructure via multi-utility tunnels. In Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering 2006 conference, Towards a sustainable future, Calgary.
  • Ruiz F. P. (2009). A precast concrete utility tunnel was the solution for one of the world's largest drug manufacturers. Precast Utility Tunnel: Eli Lilly and Co. Project. National Precast Concrete Association Indianapolis, IN 46290. 3 Mayıs 2015 http://www.precastsolutions.org/PrecastSolutions/Home.aspx adresinden erişildi.
  • Sterling, R. L. (2007). Urban underground space use planning: a growing dilemma. Urban Planning International, 6(004).
  • Tighe, S., Knight, M., Papoutsis, D., Rodriguez, V., & Walker, C. (2002). User cost savings in eliminating pavement excavations through employing trenchless technologies. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 29(5), 751-761.
  • University of Washington – Engineering Services (2017). Civil Facilities Services Design Guide Utility Tunnels and Trenches. 01 Ocak 2019 tarihinde https://facilities.uw.edu/files/media/fsdg-02-u-utility-tunnels-trenches.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Waters, T. R., Lu, M. L., & Occhipinti, E. (2007). New procedure for assessing sequential manual lifting jobs using the revised NIOSH lifting equation. Ergonomics, 50(11), 1761-1770. Willoughby, D. (2005). Horizontal directional drilling: utility and pipeline applications. McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Yang, J., & Wang, H. (2013). Seismic response analysis of shallow utility tunnel in liquefiable soils. In ICPTT 2012: Better Pipeline Infrastructure for a Better Life (pp. 1606-1618).
  • Zaneldin, E. K. (2007). Trenchless construction: an emerging technology in United Arab Emirates. Tunnelling and underground space technology, 22(1), 96-105.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Muhammed Ernur Akıner 0000-0002-5192-2473

İlknur Akıner 0000-0002-9550-146X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 31

Kaynak Göster

APA Akıner, M. E., & Akıner, İ. (2021). Altyapı Sorunlarına Yenilikçi Çözüm Önerilerinin Getirilmesi. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(31), 755-763. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1006062