Araştırma Makalesi
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Assessment of WBCs, CRP, LDH and other Biomarkers of Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients in Iraq

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 49, 1 - 5, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1266055

Öz

Background:
Though most Iraqi patients who are infected by COVID-19 only suffering from mild symptoms, but in some cases a patient’s condition deteriorates, leading to a negative outcome. This study aims to assess the clinical laboratory features of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients
Methods:
One hundred diagnosed as moderate and severe COVID-19 patients as well as fifty healthy participants were involved in our current study. Assessment was made for WBCs, Monocytes, Lymphocyte, and Platelets. In addition, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Results:
A hundred patients aged 33 to 70 years with COVID-19 had severe and moderate cases. Present in DAR AL-SALAM for COVID-19 isolation in Baghdad, Iraq. COVID-19 patients showed increased serum levels LDH and CRP as well as WBCs count and others when compared to healthy individuals. The severe group showed a statistically significant increase in WBCs account, neutrophil activity and LDH levels, compared with moderate group. While the moderate COVID-19 groups displayed a significant rise in lymphocytes activity, CRP, and Platelet. Conclusion:
The current investigation found that WBC count, lymphocyte count, LDH activity, and CRP level were effective indicators for determining the severity of COVID-19, making them good assessment indicators.

Destekleyen Kurum

our own efforts

Proje Numarası

none

Kaynakça

  • Zhou, F.; Yu, T.; Du, R.; Fan, G.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Xiang, J.; Wang, Y.; Song, B.; Gu, X.; et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020, 395, 1054–1062. [CrossRef]
  • Jiang, F.; Deng, L.; Zhang, L.; Cai, Y.; Cheung, C.W.; Xia, Z.J. Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Gen Intern Med. 2020, 35, 1545–1549. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Gavriatopoulou, M.; Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, I.; Korompoki, E.; Fotiou, D.; Migkou, M.; Tzanninis, I.-G.; Psaltopoulou, T.; Kastritis, E.; Terpos, E.; Dimopoulos, M.A. Emerging treatment strategies for COVID-19 infection. Clin. Exp. Med. 2020, 21, 167–179. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Machhi, J.; Herskovitz, J.; Senan, A.M.; Dutta, D.; Nath, B.; Oleynikov, M.D.; Blomberg, W.R.; Meigs, D.D.; Hasan, M.; Patel, M.; et al. The Natural History, Pathobiology, and Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020, 21, 1–28.
  • Hertanto, D.M.; Wiratama, B.S.; Sutanto, H.; Wungu, C.D.K. Immunomodulation as a Potent COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy: Past, Present and Future. J. Inflamm. Res. 2021, 14, 3419–3428. [CrossRef]
  • Berlin, D.A.; Gulick, R.M.; Martinez, F.J. Severe Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020, 383, 2451–2460. [CrossRef]
  • Gandhi, R.T.; Lynch, J.B.; Del Rio, C. Mild or Moderate Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020, 383, 1757–1766. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Matsunaga, N.; Hayakawa, K.; Terada, M.; Ohtsu, H.; Asai, Y.; Tsuzuki, S.; Suzuki, S.; Toyoda, A.; Suzuki, K.; Endo, M.; et al. Clinical epidemiology of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Japan: Report of the COVID-19 Registry Japan. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2020, 28, ciaa1470. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Liang, W.; Guan, W.; Chen, R.; Wang, W.; Li, J.; Xu, K.; Li, C.; Ai, Q.; Lu, W.; Liang, H.; et al. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol. 2020, 21, 335–337. [CrossRef]
  • Myers, L.C.; Parodi, S.M.; Escobar, G.J.; Liu, V.X. Characteristics of Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 in an Integrated Health Care System in California. JAMA 2020, 323, 2195–2198. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Lippi, G.; Henry, B.M. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respir. Med. 2020, 167, 105941. [CrossRef]
  • Zheng, Z.; Peng, F.; Xu, B.; Zhao, J.; Liu, H.; Peng, J.; Li, Q.; Jiang, C.; Zhou, Y.; Liu, S.; et al. Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J. Infect. 2020, 81, e16–e25. [CrossRef]
  • Fadini, G.P.; Morieri, M.L.; Longato, E.; Avogaro, A. Prevalence and impact of diabetes among people infected with SARS-CoV-2. J. Endocrinol. Investig. 2020, 43, 867–869. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Popkin, B.M.; Du, S.; Green, W.D.; Beck, M.A.; Algaith, T.; Herbst, C.H.; Alsukait, R.; Alluhidan, M.; Alazemi, N.; Shekar, M. Individuals with obesity and COVID-19: A global perspective on the epidemiology and biological relationships. Obes. Rev. 2020, 21, e13128. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Latif, F.; Farr, M.A.; Clerkin, K.J.; Habal, M.V.; Takeda, K.; Naka, Y.; Restaino, S.; Sayer, G.; Uriel, N. Characteristics and outcomes of recipients of heart transplant with coronavirus isease 2019. JAMA Cardiol. 2020, 5, 1165–1169. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  • Available online: https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/000785119.pdf (accessed on 25 July 2021).
  • Wang L. C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19. Medecine et maladies infectieuses. 2020 Jun 1;50(4):332-4.
  • Kishaba T, Tamaki H, Shimaoka Y, Fukuyama H, Yamashiro S. Staging of acute exacerbation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lung. 2014 Feb;192(1):141-9.
  • 19.S.Y. Ju, A.W. Ha, Dietary factors associated with high serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women with the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010–2012, Nutrit. Res. Pract. 10 (1) (2016) 81.
  • D.J. Fleming, K.L. Tucker, P.F. Jacques, G.E. Dallal, P.W. Wilson, R.J. Wood, Dietary factors associated with the risk of high iron stores in the elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76 (6) (2002) 1375–1384.
  • K.V. Kowdley, P. Belt, L.A. Wilson, M.M. Yeh, B.A. Neuschwander-Tetri, N. Chalasani, ... NASH Clinical Research Network. Serum ferritin is an independent.
  • Wang, D.; Yin, Y.; Hu, C.; et al., Clinical course and outcome of 107 patients infected with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2,discharged from two hospitals in Wuhan, China, Crit Care. 24 (1) (2020) 188.
  • Zeng, F.; Li, L.; Zeng, J.; et al. Can we predict the severity of COVID-19 with a routine blood test? Polish archives of internal medicine, 2020.
  • Sun, S.; Cai, X.; Wang, H.; et al., Abnormalities of peripheral blood system in patients with COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China, Clin. Chim. Acta 507 (2020) 174–180.
  • Yang A, Liu J, Tao W, Li H. The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;84:106504. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106504
  • Sukrisman L, Sinto R, Priantono D. Hematologic Profiles and Correlation Between Absolute Lymphocyte Count and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio with Markers of Inflammation of COVID-19 in an Indonesian National Referral Hospital. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:6919-6924 https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S337440
  • Sun, H.-B.; Zhang, Y.-M.; Huang, L.-G.; Lai, Q.-N.; Mo, Q.; Ye, X.-Z.;Wang, T.; Zhu, Z.-Z.; Lv, X.-L.; Luo, Y.-J.; et al. The changes of the peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines in Patients with COVID-19. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0239532. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  • Cheng, L.; Li, H.; Li, L.; Liu, C.; Yan, S.; Chen, H.; Li, Y. Ferritin in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 2020, 34, e23618. [CrossRef].

Irak'taki Orta ve Şiddetli COVID-19 Hastalarının WBC'leri, CRP, LDH ve Diğer Biyobelirteçlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 49, 1 - 5, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1266055

Öz

Arka plan:
COVID-19 ile enfekte olan çoğu Iraklı hasta yalnızca hafif semptomlardan muzdarip olsa da, bazı durumlarda hastanın durumu kötüleşerek olumsuz bir sonuca yol açar. Bu çalışma, orta ve şiddetli COVID-19 hastalarının klinik laboratuvar özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntemler:
Mevcut çalışmamıza yüz orta ve ağır COVID-19 hastası ve elli sağlıklı katılımcı dahil edildi. WBC'ler, Monositler, Lenfosit ve Plateletler için değerlendirme yapıldı. Ek olarak, laktat dehidrojenaz (LDH) ve C-reaktif protein (CRP) serum seviyeleri.
Sonuçlar:
Yaşları 33 ile 70 arasında değişen yüz COVID-19 hastasının ciddi ve orta şiddette vakaları vardı. Irak, Bağdat'ta COVID-19 izolasyonu için DAR AL-SALAM'da mevcut. COVID-19 hastaları, sağlıklı bireylerle karşılaştırıldığında artan serum seviyeleri LDH ve CRP'nin yanı sıra WBC sayısı ve diğerlerini gösterdi. Şiddetli grup, orta grupla karşılaştırıldığında WBC hesabında, nötrofil aktivitesinde ve LDH seviyelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış gösterdi. Ilımlı COVID-19 grupları lenfosit aktivitesinde, CRP'de ve Trombositte önemli bir artış gösterirken. Çözüm:
Mevcut araştırma, beyaz kan hücresi sayısı, lenfosit sayısı, LDH aktivitesi ve CRP seviyesinin COVID-19'un ciddiyetini belirlemede etkili göstergeler olduğunu ve bu göstergelerin iyi değerlendirme göstergeleri olduğunu ortaya çıkardı.

Proje Numarası

none

Kaynakça

  • Zhou, F.; Yu, T.; Du, R.; Fan, G.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Xiang, J.; Wang, Y.; Song, B.; Gu, X.; et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020, 395, 1054–1062. [CrossRef]
  • Jiang, F.; Deng, L.; Zhang, L.; Cai, Y.; Cheung, C.W.; Xia, Z.J. Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Gen Intern Med. 2020, 35, 1545–1549. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Gavriatopoulou, M.; Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, I.; Korompoki, E.; Fotiou, D.; Migkou, M.; Tzanninis, I.-G.; Psaltopoulou, T.; Kastritis, E.; Terpos, E.; Dimopoulos, M.A. Emerging treatment strategies for COVID-19 infection. Clin. Exp. Med. 2020, 21, 167–179. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Machhi, J.; Herskovitz, J.; Senan, A.M.; Dutta, D.; Nath, B.; Oleynikov, M.D.; Blomberg, W.R.; Meigs, D.D.; Hasan, M.; Patel, M.; et al. The Natural History, Pathobiology, and Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020, 21, 1–28.
  • Hertanto, D.M.; Wiratama, B.S.; Sutanto, H.; Wungu, C.D.K. Immunomodulation as a Potent COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy: Past, Present and Future. J. Inflamm. Res. 2021, 14, 3419–3428. [CrossRef]
  • Berlin, D.A.; Gulick, R.M.; Martinez, F.J. Severe Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020, 383, 2451–2460. [CrossRef]
  • Gandhi, R.T.; Lynch, J.B.; Del Rio, C. Mild or Moderate Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020, 383, 1757–1766. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Matsunaga, N.; Hayakawa, K.; Terada, M.; Ohtsu, H.; Asai, Y.; Tsuzuki, S.; Suzuki, S.; Toyoda, A.; Suzuki, K.; Endo, M.; et al. Clinical epidemiology of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Japan: Report of the COVID-19 Registry Japan. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2020, 28, ciaa1470. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Liang, W.; Guan, W.; Chen, R.; Wang, W.; Li, J.; Xu, K.; Li, C.; Ai, Q.; Lu, W.; Liang, H.; et al. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol. 2020, 21, 335–337. [CrossRef]
  • Myers, L.C.; Parodi, S.M.; Escobar, G.J.; Liu, V.X. Characteristics of Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 in an Integrated Health Care System in California. JAMA 2020, 323, 2195–2198. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Lippi, G.; Henry, B.M. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respir. Med. 2020, 167, 105941. [CrossRef]
  • Zheng, Z.; Peng, F.; Xu, B.; Zhao, J.; Liu, H.; Peng, J.; Li, Q.; Jiang, C.; Zhou, Y.; Liu, S.; et al. Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J. Infect. 2020, 81, e16–e25. [CrossRef]
  • Fadini, G.P.; Morieri, M.L.; Longato, E.; Avogaro, A. Prevalence and impact of diabetes among people infected with SARS-CoV-2. J. Endocrinol. Investig. 2020, 43, 867–869. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Popkin, B.M.; Du, S.; Green, W.D.; Beck, M.A.; Algaith, T.; Herbst, C.H.; Alsukait, R.; Alluhidan, M.; Alazemi, N.; Shekar, M. Individuals with obesity and COVID-19: A global perspective on the epidemiology and biological relationships. Obes. Rev. 2020, 21, e13128. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  • Latif, F.; Farr, M.A.; Clerkin, K.J.; Habal, M.V.; Takeda, K.; Naka, Y.; Restaino, S.; Sayer, G.; Uriel, N. Characteristics and outcomes of recipients of heart transplant with coronavirus isease 2019. JAMA Cardiol. 2020, 5, 1165–1169. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  • Available online: https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/000785119.pdf (accessed on 25 July 2021).
  • Wang L. C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19. Medecine et maladies infectieuses. 2020 Jun 1;50(4):332-4.
  • Kishaba T, Tamaki H, Shimaoka Y, Fukuyama H, Yamashiro S. Staging of acute exacerbation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lung. 2014 Feb;192(1):141-9.
  • 19.S.Y. Ju, A.W. Ha, Dietary factors associated with high serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women with the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010–2012, Nutrit. Res. Pract. 10 (1) (2016) 81.
  • D.J. Fleming, K.L. Tucker, P.F. Jacques, G.E. Dallal, P.W. Wilson, R.J. Wood, Dietary factors associated with the risk of high iron stores in the elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76 (6) (2002) 1375–1384.
  • K.V. Kowdley, P. Belt, L.A. Wilson, M.M. Yeh, B.A. Neuschwander-Tetri, N. Chalasani, ... NASH Clinical Research Network. Serum ferritin is an independent.
  • Wang, D.; Yin, Y.; Hu, C.; et al., Clinical course and outcome of 107 patients infected with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2,discharged from two hospitals in Wuhan, China, Crit Care. 24 (1) (2020) 188.
  • Zeng, F.; Li, L.; Zeng, J.; et al. Can we predict the severity of COVID-19 with a routine blood test? Polish archives of internal medicine, 2020.
  • Sun, S.; Cai, X.; Wang, H.; et al., Abnormalities of peripheral blood system in patients with COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China, Clin. Chim. Acta 507 (2020) 174–180.
  • Yang A, Liu J, Tao W, Li H. The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;84:106504. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106504
  • Sukrisman L, Sinto R, Priantono D. Hematologic Profiles and Correlation Between Absolute Lymphocyte Count and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio with Markers of Inflammation of COVID-19 in an Indonesian National Referral Hospital. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:6919-6924 https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S337440
  • Sun, H.-B.; Zhang, Y.-M.; Huang, L.-G.; Lai, Q.-N.; Mo, Q.; Ye, X.-Z.;Wang, T.; Zhu, Z.-Z.; Lv, X.-L.; Luo, Y.-J.; et al. The changes of the peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines in Patients with COVID-19. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0239532. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
  • Cheng, L.; Li, H.; Li, L.; Liu, C.; Yan, S.; Chen, H.; Li, Y. Ferritin in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 2020, 34, e23618. [CrossRef].
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mustafa Salman 0000-0002-9714-4275

Ansam Atwan Abdulah Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5580-2444

Proje Numarası none
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Mart 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 49

Kaynak Göster

APA Salman, M., & Abdulah, A. A. (2023). Assessment of WBCs, CRP, LDH and other Biomarkers of Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients in Iraq. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(49), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1266055