Süleymanpaşa (Tekirdağ) - Küçükçekmece Gölü (İstanbul) Arası Marmara Denizi Deşarj Noktalarının Kirlilik Yüklerinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 52, 294 - 301, 15.12.2023

Zeki Ünal Yümün , Gamze Ekici

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Tekirdağ ili ile Küçükçekmece Gölü (İstanbul) arası Marmara Denizi’ne yapılan atıksu deşarjlarının denizde oluşturabileceği kirlenmeler araştırılmıştır. Numuneler, deşarj noktalarının denize karışmadan ve denize karıştıktan sonraki lokasyonlardan alınmıştır ve değerlendirilmiştir. Su numunelerinin pH, tuzluluk, iletkenlik, çözünmüş oksijen ve inorganik kirleticiler (Al, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) yönünden incelenmesi yapılmıştır. Bu incelemeler sonucunda ölçülen parametreler Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği, Derin Deniz Deşarjına İzin Verilebilecek Evsel/Kentsel Atıksuların Özellikleri ve Derin Deniz Deşarjına İzin Verilebilecek Endüstriyel Atıksuların Özellikleri mevzuatlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Parametrelerin çoğunun yönetmelikte geçen sınır değerleri aşmadığı ancak Büyükçekmece ve Küçükçekmece göllerinden alınan numunelerde bor elementinin sınır değerlerin üzerinde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bunun nedeni evsel atıksulardan gelen çamaşır beyazlatıcı, sabun, deterjan atıkları, sanayide kullanılan reaktanlar ve tarım alanlarında kullanılan gübre ve tarım ilaçları olabilir. Ayrıca bor minerallerinin suda çözünürlüklerinin yüksek olması evsel ve sanayi alanlarından geçen su kaynaklarının deşarj noktalarında bor konsantrasyonunun yüksek çıkmasına neden olduğu düşünülmektedir. Görüldüğü üzere Marmara Denizi’nin kirlenmesinin birinci nedeni sanayi ve evsel atık suların yeterince arıtılmadan denize deşarj edilmesidir. Bunun yanı sıra deniz trafiği açısından yoğun olan Marmara Denizi’nin sürekli izlenmesi ve kirlilik oluşturabilecek olumsuz davranışların önüne geçilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca komşu kara alanlarda tarımsal faaliyetlerin yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak tarımsal gübreleme ve tarımsal ilaç kullanımının da etkili olduğunu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağır metal, ICP-OES, Kirliik Yükü, Gemi Trafiği, Arıtma, Akarsular, Marmara Denizi

Investigation of Pollution Loads of Marmara Sea Discharge Points between Suleymanpaşa (Tekirdag) and Kuçukçekmece Lake (İstanbul)

Öz

In this study, the pollution that may be caused by wastewater discharges into the Marmara Sea between Tekirdağ provincial campus and Küçükçekmece Lake (Istanbul) was investigated. The samples were taken and evaluated from the locations after the discharge points, before and after mixing with the sea. The pH, salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and inorganic pollutants (Cu, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, P, Hg, Fe, As, Mn, Zn, Al, Na, Mg, K, Ca, B, Bi, Sb) were examined. The parameters measured as a result of these investigations were evaluated according to the regulations of the Republic of Türkiye, Water Pollution Control Regulation, Properties of Domestic/Urban Wastewaters Allowable for Deep Sea Discharge and Characteristics of Industrial Wastewaters for Allowable Deep Sea Discharge. It was observed that most of the parameters did not exceed the limit values specified in the regulation, but the boron element was above the limit values in the samples taken from Büyükçekmece and Küçükçekmece lakes. The reason for this may be laundry bleach, soap, detergent wastes, reactants used in industry, and fertilizers and pesticides used in agricultural areas. In addition, it is thought that the high solubility of boron minerals in water causes the boron concentration to be high at the discharge points of water sources passing through domestic and industrial areas. As can be seen, the first reason for the pollution of the Sea of Marmara is the discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater into the sea without it being sufficiently treated. In addition, it is necessary to constantly monitor the Sea of Marmara, which is dense in terms of maritime traffic, and to prevent negative behaviors that may cause pollution. Furthermore, depending on the intensity of agricultural activities in neighboring land areas, it is seen that agricultural fertilization and agricultural spraying are impacting sea pollution.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heavy Metal, ICP-OES, Pollution Load, Ship Traffic, Treatment, Streams, Sea of Marmara

Kaynakça

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