MOTORLU ARAÇLARDA GÜRÜLTÜ KONTROLÜ

Öz

Çevresel gürültüye kronik olarak maruz kalmanın fiziksel ve zihinsel sağlık üzerinde önemli etkileri vardır. Çevresel gürültüye maruz kalma, Dünya'da yaygın bir sorundur ve her altı kişiden en az biri sağlığa zararlı olduğu düşünülen düzeylere maruz kalmaktadır. Karayolu, demiryolu, uçak ve endüstri kaynaklarından gelen çevresel gürültü milyonlarca insanı etkileyerek önemli halk sağlığı etkilerine neden oluyor. Gürültüye uzun süreli maruz kalmanın, Avrupa topraklarında her yıl 12.000 erken ölüme ve 48.000 kalp hastalığı vakasına katkıda bulunduğu tahmin edilmektedir. 6,5 milyon kişinin kronik uyku bozukluğu yaşadığı, Uçak gürültüsünün bir sonucu olarak, 12.500 okul çocuğunun okulda öğrenme bozukluğu yaşadığı tahmin edilmektedir. Ülkelere göre gürültü haritalamasının raporlanması konusunda bir miktar ilerleme kaydedilmiş olsa da, 2017 Çevresel Gürültü Direktifi (END) yasal raporlarda gerekli verilerin %30'dan fazlasını elde edememiştir. Avrupa'da Karayolu trafik gürültüsü, önemli bir çevre sorunudur. AB nüfusunun en az %20'si trafik gürültüsünün sağlığa zararlı olduğu bölgelerde yaşamaktadır. Tahmini 113 milyon insan uzun süreli olarak 55 dB ‘den fazla trafik gürültüsü seviyesinde etkilenmektedir. Ayrıca 22 milyonu yüksek oranda demiryolu gürültüsüne, 4 milyonu uçak gürültüsüne ve 1 milyondan azı da endüstrilerden kaynaklanan gürültüye maruz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma; Avrupa Birliğinin 2020 yılında yayınladığı Gürültü Raporunu ele alarak; gürültü çeşitliliği, özellikle motorlu araçlardan kaynaklanan gürültüleri önleme ve kontrol altında tutma yöntemleri hakkında yapılmış derleme bir makaledir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gürültü
• Motorlu Araçlar
• Karayolu
• Demiryolu
• Uçak

Kaynakça

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