ENERGY POTENTIAL OF ANIMAL BIOMASS IN TURKEY

Abstract

In this study, animal biomass energy potential of Turkey was presented in detail based on the countrywide livestock. Animal biomass resources were examined under three major groups: bovine, small ruminant, and poultry. Bovine animals were described in terms of three different cattle species, buffalo and other species (horse, donkey, camel, mule and pig). Sheep and goat were considered as two subspecies of small ruminant. Poultry consisted of two different chicken species, turkey, goose and duck. The status of animal biomass in Turkey and its exploitation by use of anaerobic digestion and consequent combustion of methane produced for energy production were presented. A detailed analysis was made to determine which animal species has high energy potential of biomass. The potential of energy, waste and the production depending on every single subspecies were indicated in the analyses. The waste coefficients for species were obtained from the biomass energy potential atlas of Turkey and the animal production data reported by the Turkish Statistical Institute. Additionally, energy potential changes in recent years for every single species were calculated. According to the results, bovine animals possess 67.1% of total energy potential, and among bovine animals, cattle has the highest energy potential with 61%. Results indicated that 1.36 million tons of oil equivalent would be exploited by the animal biomass potential of Turkey according to the 2016 data.

Keywords

• Animal Biomass,Energy Potential,Waste,Species,Turkey

References

1. [1] Demirbas, A. (2009). Biofuels from Agricultural Biomass. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 31:1573–1582.
2. [2] Kumar, A., Kumar, N., Baredar, P., and Ashish, S. (2015). A review on biomass energy resources, potential, conversion and policy in India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 45:530–539.
3. [3] Halder, P. K., Paul, N., and Beg, M. R. A. (2014). Assessment of biomass energy resources and related technologies practice in Bangladesh. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 39:444–460.
4. [4] Weldemichael, Y., and Assefa, G. (2016). Assessing the energy production and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions mitigation potential of biomass resources for Alberta. Journal of Cleaner Production. 112:425–4264.
5. [5] Cutz, L., Haro, P., Santana, D., and Johnsson, F. (2016). Assessment of biomass energy sources and technologies: The case of Central America. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 58:1411–1431.
6. [6] Paiano, A., and Lagioia, G. (2016). Energy potential from residual biomass towards meeting the EU renewable energy and climate targets. The Italian case. Energy Policy. 91:161–173.
7. [7] Filipović, D., & Krička, T. (2006). An Energy Analysis of Rapeseed Production for Biodiesel in Croatia. Strojniški vestnik-Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 52(10), 680.
8. [8] Sürmen, Y. (2003). The Necessity of Biomass Energy for the Turkish Economy. Energy Sources. 25: 83–92.

9. [9] Demirbas, A. (2006). Sustainable Biomass Production. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 28:955–964.
10. [10] Demirbas, A. (2006). Biomass Gasification for Power Generation in Turkey. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 28:433–445.
11. [11] Yelmen, B., and Çakir, M. T. (2016). Biomass potential of Turkey and energy production applications. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy. 11:428–435.
12. [12] Saracoglu, N. (2010). The Biomass Potential of Turkey for Energy Production: Part I. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy. 5:272–278.
13. [13] Avcioğlu, A. O., and Türker, U. (2012). Status and potential of biogas energy from animal wastes in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 16:1557–1561.
14. [14] Balat, M., Acici, N., and Ersoy G. (2006). Trends in the Use of Biomass as an Energy Source. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy. 1:367–378.
15. [15] Erdogdu, E. (2008). An expose´ of bioenergy and its potential and utilization in Turkey. Energy Policy. 36:2182 – 2190.
16. [16] Yılmaz, İ. H., Abdulvahitoğlu, A., and Kılıç, M (2017). Evaluation of energy potential for municipal solid waste in Turkey. In: 5th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management. 21–24 June, Athens, Greece.
17. [17] http://bepa.yegm.gov.tr
18. [18] Saka, K., and Yılmaz, İ. H. (2017). Agricultural biomass potential in Turkey. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, 3(2), 79−81.
19. [19] http://www.tuik.gov.tr
20. [20] Yılmaz, İ. H., and Saka, K. (2018). Exploitable biomass status and potential of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 13(1), 46−52.