Araştırma Makalesi
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The Effects of Energy Consumption On Industrial Production: A Frequency Domain Causality Analysis

Yıl 2023, , 124 - 138, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.1325733

Öz

One of the most important indicators of the production channels of developed and developing countries is undoubtedly the energy problem. In addition, the nexus between economic growth and energy use differs from country to country. The main purpose of this article is to examine the nexus between economic growth and energy consumption in Turkey in the period of 2016 and 2022. Daily electricity consumption is used as an indicator of energy consumption, and industrial production index data is used as an indicator of economic growth. Toda-Yamamoto (1995) and Breitung-Candelon (2006) frequency domain tests were used to determine for the causality. According to the outcomes of the Toda-Yamamoto causality test, a unidirectional causality relationship was found from economic growth to energy consumption in the long run. Breitung- Candelon frequency domain causality test results revealed a short (temporary) and long (permanent) relationship from economic growth to energy consumption. In Türkiye, increases in economic growth (expansion of the production channel), increase the energy need more and thus this situation increases import dependency.

Kaynakça

  • Abdurehman, A.A. & Hacılar S. (2016). The Relationship between Exchange Rate and Inflation: An Empirical Study of Türkiye. International Journal of Economics and Financial, Vol. 6(4), pp.1454-1459.
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J.E. (2009). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Central America: Evidence from a Panel Cointegration and Error Correction Model. Energy Economics, Vol. 31, pp. 211-216.
  • Asafu-Adjaye, J. (2000). The Relationship Between Energy Consumption, Energy Prices and Economic Growth: Time Series Evidence from Asian Developing Countries. Energy Economics, Vol. 22, Vol.6, pp. 615-625.
  • Aslan, M. (2021). Milli Gelirin Kentleşme ve Enerji Tüketimi ile İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 10 (2), pp. 1493-1517, Retrieved from http://www.itobiad.com/tr/pub/issue/62559/870549
  • Belke, A., Dobnik, F. & Dreger, C. (2011). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: New İnsights into The Cointegration Relationship. Energy Economics, Vol. 33, pp. 782-789.
  • Ben Jebli, M. & Ben Youssef, S. (2015). Output, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and İnternational Trade: Evidence from A Panel of 69 Countries. Renewable Energy, Elsevier, Vol. 83, pp.799-808.
  • Berk, C. & Cin, K. (2018). On Energy Dependence, Current Account Deficit and Population in Turkey. Open Journal of Business and Management, Vol.6, pp.183-192. doi: 10.4236/ojbm.2018.61012.
  • Bowden, N. & Payne, J.E. (2009). The Causal Relationship Between U.S. Energy Consumption and Real Output: A Disaggregated Analysis. Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, Vol. 31(2), pp.180-188.
  • Bozoklu, Ş. & Yılancı, V. (2013). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth for Selected OECD Countries: Further Evidence from the Granger Causality Test in the Frequency Domain. Energy Policy, Vol. 63(C), pp.877-881.
  • Chang, T. & Gupta, R. & Inglesi-Lotz, R. & Simo-Kengne, B. & Smithers, D. & Trembling, A., (2015). Renewable Energy and Growth: Evidence from Heterogeneous Panel of G7 Countries Using Granger Causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 52(C), pp.1405-1412.
  • Cheng, B.S., (1999). Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India: An Application of Cointegration and Error Correction Modeling. Indian Economic Review, Vol.34, pp.39-49.
  • Corden, W.M. (1984). Booming Sector and Dutch Disease Economics: Survey and Consolidation. Oxford Economic Papers, Vol.36, pp.359-380.
  • Çağıl, G. & Türkmen, S. Y. & Çakır, Ö. (2013). Enerji ve Makroekonomik Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Açısından Bir Uygulama. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, Vol.58, pp. 161-174, Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mufad/issue/35643/396419
  • Çandarlı, M. & Unakıtan, G. (2021). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kullanımının Sürdürülebilir Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi. Balkan and Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences. Vol.7, pp.29-36.
  • Çınar, M. & Öz, R. (2017). Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisine Yenilenebilir Enerji Bağlamında Bir Öneri. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, Vol. 3 (13), pp.40-54.
  • Demirgil, B. & Birol, Y.E. (2020). Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye için Bir Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Analizi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 21 (1), pp. 68-83. DOI: 10.37880/cumuiibf.671591
  • Dickey, D.A. & Fuller W.A. (1979). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 74, 366, pp.427 431.
  • Fatai, K. & Oxley, L. & Scrimgeour, F.G. (2004). Modelling the Causal Relationship Between Energy Consumption and GDP in New Zealand, Australia, India, Indonesia, The Philippines and Thailand. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, Vol.64, Vol. 3-4, pp. 431-445.
  • Gozgor, G. & Lau, M.C.K. & Lu, Z. (2017). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: New Evidence from the OECD Countries. Energy, Vol.153, pp. 27-34.
  • Hondroyiannis, G. & Lolos, S. & Papapetrou, E. (2002). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Assessing the Evidence from Greece. Energy Economics, Vol. 24, Issue 4, pp. 319-336.
  • Huang, B. & Hwang, M. & Yang, C. (2008). Causal Relationship Between Energy Consumption and GDP Growth Revisited: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach. Ecological Economics, Vol. 67, pp. 41-54.
  • İnançlı, S., & Akı, A. (2022). Empirical analysis of the relationship between energy imports and current account deficit in Turkey for the period of 2010-2019. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, Vol.10(1), pp.120–131. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v10i1.1952
  • Kesbiç, C. Y. & Er, A. S. (2017). Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye İçin Bir Panel Veri Analizi. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 4(2), pp. 135-154.
  • Kizilkaya, F. & Dag, M. (2019). Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme: NIC Ülkeleri İçin Ekonometrik Bir Analiz. Business and Economics Research Journal, Vol. 10(3), pp.587-596.
  • Koç, Ü. (2020). Sektörel Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, Vol. 55(1), pp.508-521.
  • Kraft, J. & Kraft, A. (1978). On the Relationship Between Energy and GNP. Journal of Energy and Development, Vol.3, no.2, pp. 401-403.
  • Kurt, Ü. (2019). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Finansal Gelişme, Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. Turkish Studies, Vol. 14(2), pp.599-614.
  • Lee, C.C. (2005). Electricity Consumption and GDP in Developing countries: A Cointegrated panel analysis. Energy Economics, Vol.27, pp.415-427.
  • Mehrara, M. (2007). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Oil Exporting Countries. Energy Policy, Vol. 35, pp. 2939-2945.
  • MFA (2022). Türkiye’s International Energy Strategy. Available at: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/Türkiyes-electricity-strategy.en.mfa
  • Mucuk, M. & Uysal, D. (2009). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Maliye Dergisi, Vol. 157, pp.105 - 115. Narayan, P.K. & Smyth, R. (2008). Electricity Consumption and Real GDP in G7 Countries: New Evidence from Panel Cointegration with Structural Breaks. Energy Economics, Vol. 30 pp. 2331-2341.
  • Oh, W. & Lee, K. (2004). Causal Relationship Between Energy Consumption and GDP Revisited: The Case of Korea 1970–1999. Energy Economics, Vol.26, pp. 51-59.
  • Orhan, O. & Nergiz, E. (2014). Turkey’s Current Account Deficit Problem and Its Effects on the European Union Accession. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 1 (1), pp. 137-158, DOI: 10.17336/igusbd.93587
  • Öncel, A. & Kırca M. & İnal V. (2017). Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: OECD Ülkelerine Yönelik Zamanla Değişen Panel Nedensellik Analizi. Maliye Dergisi, Vol. 173, pp. 398 - 420.
  • Paul, S. & Bhattacharya, R.N. (2004). Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India: A Note on Conflicting Results. Energy Economics, Vol.26, pp. 977-983.
  • Phillips, P.C. B & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, Vol. 75(2), pp. 335 346.
  • Republic of Türkiye Minister of Trade (2023). Economic Outlook. Available at: https://www.trade.gov.tr/data/5b9229ab13b876136466584b/Economic%20Outlook%20December%202022.pdf
  • Saatçi, M. & Dumrul, Y. (2013). Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Dinamik Bir Analizi: Türkiye Örneği. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 32(2), pp.1 - 24.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1939). Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. McGraw Hill, New York.
  • Shahbaz, M. & Hoang, T. H. V. & Mahalik, M. K. & Roubaud, D. (2017). Electricity Consumption, Financial Development and Economic Growth in India: New Evidence from a Nonlinear and Asymmetric Analysis. Energy Economics, Elsevier, Vol. 63, pp.199-212.
  • Squalli, J. (2007). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Bounds and Causality Analyses of OPEC Countries. Energy Economics, Vol.29, pp. 1192-1205.
  • Stern, D.I. (1993). Electricity and Economic Growth in the USA. Energy Economics, Vol. 15, pp. 137-150. The Economist (1977). The Dutch Disease. Available at: https://www.uio.no/studier/emner/sv/oekonomi/ECON4925/h08/undervisningsmateriale/DutchDisease.pdf
  • Tran, B.L. & Chen, C.C. & Tseng, W.C. (2022). Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the Presence of GDP Threshold Effect: Evidence from OECD Countries. Energy, Vol. 251, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electricity.2022.123902.
  • Turna, Y. & Özcan, A. (2021). The Relationship Between Foreign Exchange Rate, İnterest Rate and İnflation İn Türkiye: ARDL Approach. Journal of Economy, Vol. 3 (1), pp.19-23.
  • Türkmen, S. & Özbek, S. & Karakuş, M. (2018). Türkiye’de Elektrik Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Ampirik Bir Analiz. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 8 (2), pp. 129-142.
  • TurkStat (2023). Foreign Trade Indices. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Foreign-Trade-Statistics-November-2022-45546
  • Usta, C. & Berber, M. (2017). Türkiye’de Enerji Tüketimi Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Sektörel Analizi. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 13 (1), pp. 173-187.
  • Yang, H. (2000). A Note on the Causal Relationship Between Energy and GDP in Taiwan. Energy Economics, Vol. 22 (3), pp. 309-317.
  • Yaşar, S. & Sugözü, İ. H. (2019). Ekonomik Büyüme ve Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki İlişki Bağlamında AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Panel Nedensellik Analizi. İktisadi ve İdari Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, Vol. 1, pp. 54-64.
  • Yıldırım, E. & A. Aslan, A. (2012). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus for 17 Highly Developed OECD Countries: Further Evidence Based on Bootstrap-Corrected Granger-Causality Tests. Energy Policy, Vol. 51, pp. 985-993.
  • Zivot, E. & Andrews, D. W. K. (1992). Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Vol. 10(3), pp.251-270.

Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Frekans Alanda Nedensellik Analizi

Yıl 2023, , 124 - 138, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.1325733

Öz

Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin üretim kanallarının en önemli göstergelerinden biri hiç şüphesiz enerji sorunsalıdır. Ayrıca ekonomik büyüme ve enerji kullanımı arasındaki bağlantı ise ülkeden ülkeye farklılık göstermektedir. Bu makalenin temel amacı 2016 ve 2022 döneminde Türkiye'de ekonomik büyüme ve enerji tüketimi arasındaki bağlantıyı incelemektir. Enerji tüketimi göstergesi olarak günlük elektrik kullanımı, ekonomik büyüme göstergesi olarak ise sanayi üretim endeksi verileri kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik testi için Toda-Yamamoto (1995) ve Breitung-Candelon (2006) frekans alanı testleri kullanılmıştır. Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre, uzun dönemde ekonomik büyümeden enerji tüketimine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi vardır. Breitung-Candelon frekans alanı nedensellik testi sonuçlarında ise ekonomik büyümeden enerji tüketimine doğru kısa (geçici) ve uzun (kalıcı) bir ilişki vardır. Türkiye’de ekonomik büyümedeki artışlar (üretim kanalının genişlemesi) enerji ihtiyacını dolayısıyla ithalata olan bağımlılığı daha çok artırmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abdurehman, A.A. & Hacılar S. (2016). The Relationship between Exchange Rate and Inflation: An Empirical Study of Türkiye. International Journal of Economics and Financial, Vol. 6(4), pp.1454-1459.
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J.E. (2009). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Central America: Evidence from a Panel Cointegration and Error Correction Model. Energy Economics, Vol. 31, pp. 211-216.
  • Asafu-Adjaye, J. (2000). The Relationship Between Energy Consumption, Energy Prices and Economic Growth: Time Series Evidence from Asian Developing Countries. Energy Economics, Vol. 22, Vol.6, pp. 615-625.
  • Aslan, M. (2021). Milli Gelirin Kentleşme ve Enerji Tüketimi ile İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 10 (2), pp. 1493-1517, Retrieved from http://www.itobiad.com/tr/pub/issue/62559/870549
  • Belke, A., Dobnik, F. & Dreger, C. (2011). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: New İnsights into The Cointegration Relationship. Energy Economics, Vol. 33, pp. 782-789.
  • Ben Jebli, M. & Ben Youssef, S. (2015). Output, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and İnternational Trade: Evidence from A Panel of 69 Countries. Renewable Energy, Elsevier, Vol. 83, pp.799-808.
  • Berk, C. & Cin, K. (2018). On Energy Dependence, Current Account Deficit and Population in Turkey. Open Journal of Business and Management, Vol.6, pp.183-192. doi: 10.4236/ojbm.2018.61012.
  • Bowden, N. & Payne, J.E. (2009). The Causal Relationship Between U.S. Energy Consumption and Real Output: A Disaggregated Analysis. Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, Vol. 31(2), pp.180-188.
  • Bozoklu, Ş. & Yılancı, V. (2013). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth for Selected OECD Countries: Further Evidence from the Granger Causality Test in the Frequency Domain. Energy Policy, Vol. 63(C), pp.877-881.
  • Chang, T. & Gupta, R. & Inglesi-Lotz, R. & Simo-Kengne, B. & Smithers, D. & Trembling, A., (2015). Renewable Energy and Growth: Evidence from Heterogeneous Panel of G7 Countries Using Granger Causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 52(C), pp.1405-1412.
  • Cheng, B.S., (1999). Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India: An Application of Cointegration and Error Correction Modeling. Indian Economic Review, Vol.34, pp.39-49.
  • Corden, W.M. (1984). Booming Sector and Dutch Disease Economics: Survey and Consolidation. Oxford Economic Papers, Vol.36, pp.359-380.
  • Çağıl, G. & Türkmen, S. Y. & Çakır, Ö. (2013). Enerji ve Makroekonomik Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Açısından Bir Uygulama. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, Vol.58, pp. 161-174, Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mufad/issue/35643/396419
  • Çandarlı, M. & Unakıtan, G. (2021). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kullanımının Sürdürülebilir Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi. Balkan and Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences. Vol.7, pp.29-36.
  • Çınar, M. & Öz, R. (2017). Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisine Yenilenebilir Enerji Bağlamında Bir Öneri. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, Vol. 3 (13), pp.40-54.
  • Demirgil, B. & Birol, Y.E. (2020). Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye için Bir Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Analizi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 21 (1), pp. 68-83. DOI: 10.37880/cumuiibf.671591
  • Dickey, D.A. & Fuller W.A. (1979). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 74, 366, pp.427 431.
  • Fatai, K. & Oxley, L. & Scrimgeour, F.G. (2004). Modelling the Causal Relationship Between Energy Consumption and GDP in New Zealand, Australia, India, Indonesia, The Philippines and Thailand. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, Vol.64, Vol. 3-4, pp. 431-445.
  • Gozgor, G. & Lau, M.C.K. & Lu, Z. (2017). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: New Evidence from the OECD Countries. Energy, Vol.153, pp. 27-34.
  • Hondroyiannis, G. & Lolos, S. & Papapetrou, E. (2002). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Assessing the Evidence from Greece. Energy Economics, Vol. 24, Issue 4, pp. 319-336.
  • Huang, B. & Hwang, M. & Yang, C. (2008). Causal Relationship Between Energy Consumption and GDP Growth Revisited: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach. Ecological Economics, Vol. 67, pp. 41-54.
  • İnançlı, S., & Akı, A. (2022). Empirical analysis of the relationship between energy imports and current account deficit in Turkey for the period of 2010-2019. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, Vol.10(1), pp.120–131. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v10i1.1952
  • Kesbiç, C. Y. & Er, A. S. (2017). Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye İçin Bir Panel Veri Analizi. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 4(2), pp. 135-154.
  • Kizilkaya, F. & Dag, M. (2019). Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme: NIC Ülkeleri İçin Ekonometrik Bir Analiz. Business and Economics Research Journal, Vol. 10(3), pp.587-596.
  • Koç, Ü. (2020). Sektörel Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, Vol. 55(1), pp.508-521.
  • Kraft, J. & Kraft, A. (1978). On the Relationship Between Energy and GNP. Journal of Energy and Development, Vol.3, no.2, pp. 401-403.
  • Kurt, Ü. (2019). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Finansal Gelişme, Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. Turkish Studies, Vol. 14(2), pp.599-614.
  • Lee, C.C. (2005). Electricity Consumption and GDP in Developing countries: A Cointegrated panel analysis. Energy Economics, Vol.27, pp.415-427.
  • Mehrara, M. (2007). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Oil Exporting Countries. Energy Policy, Vol. 35, pp. 2939-2945.
  • MFA (2022). Türkiye’s International Energy Strategy. Available at: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/Türkiyes-electricity-strategy.en.mfa
  • Mucuk, M. & Uysal, D. (2009). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Maliye Dergisi, Vol. 157, pp.105 - 115. Narayan, P.K. & Smyth, R. (2008). Electricity Consumption and Real GDP in G7 Countries: New Evidence from Panel Cointegration with Structural Breaks. Energy Economics, Vol. 30 pp. 2331-2341.
  • Oh, W. & Lee, K. (2004). Causal Relationship Between Energy Consumption and GDP Revisited: The Case of Korea 1970–1999. Energy Economics, Vol.26, pp. 51-59.
  • Orhan, O. & Nergiz, E. (2014). Turkey’s Current Account Deficit Problem and Its Effects on the European Union Accession. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 1 (1), pp. 137-158, DOI: 10.17336/igusbd.93587
  • Öncel, A. & Kırca M. & İnal V. (2017). Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: OECD Ülkelerine Yönelik Zamanla Değişen Panel Nedensellik Analizi. Maliye Dergisi, Vol. 173, pp. 398 - 420.
  • Paul, S. & Bhattacharya, R.N. (2004). Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India: A Note on Conflicting Results. Energy Economics, Vol.26, pp. 977-983.
  • Phillips, P.C. B & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, Vol. 75(2), pp. 335 346.
  • Republic of Türkiye Minister of Trade (2023). Economic Outlook. Available at: https://www.trade.gov.tr/data/5b9229ab13b876136466584b/Economic%20Outlook%20December%202022.pdf
  • Saatçi, M. & Dumrul, Y. (2013). Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Dinamik Bir Analizi: Türkiye Örneği. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 32(2), pp.1 - 24.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1939). Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. McGraw Hill, New York.
  • Shahbaz, M. & Hoang, T. H. V. & Mahalik, M. K. & Roubaud, D. (2017). Electricity Consumption, Financial Development and Economic Growth in India: New Evidence from a Nonlinear and Asymmetric Analysis. Energy Economics, Elsevier, Vol. 63, pp.199-212.
  • Squalli, J. (2007). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Bounds and Causality Analyses of OPEC Countries. Energy Economics, Vol.29, pp. 1192-1205.
  • Stern, D.I. (1993). Electricity and Economic Growth in the USA. Energy Economics, Vol. 15, pp. 137-150. The Economist (1977). The Dutch Disease. Available at: https://www.uio.no/studier/emner/sv/oekonomi/ECON4925/h08/undervisningsmateriale/DutchDisease.pdf
  • Tran, B.L. & Chen, C.C. & Tseng, W.C. (2022). Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the Presence of GDP Threshold Effect: Evidence from OECD Countries. Energy, Vol. 251, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electricity.2022.123902.
  • Turna, Y. & Özcan, A. (2021). The Relationship Between Foreign Exchange Rate, İnterest Rate and İnflation İn Türkiye: ARDL Approach. Journal of Economy, Vol. 3 (1), pp.19-23.
  • Türkmen, S. & Özbek, S. & Karakuş, M. (2018). Türkiye’de Elektrik Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Ampirik Bir Analiz. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 8 (2), pp. 129-142.
  • TurkStat (2023). Foreign Trade Indices. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Foreign-Trade-Statistics-November-2022-45546
  • Usta, C. & Berber, M. (2017). Türkiye’de Enerji Tüketimi Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Sektörel Analizi. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 13 (1), pp. 173-187.
  • Yang, H. (2000). A Note on the Causal Relationship Between Energy and GDP in Taiwan. Energy Economics, Vol. 22 (3), pp. 309-317.
  • Yaşar, S. & Sugözü, İ. H. (2019). Ekonomik Büyüme ve Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki İlişki Bağlamında AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Panel Nedensellik Analizi. İktisadi ve İdari Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, Vol. 1, pp. 54-64.
  • Yıldırım, E. & A. Aslan, A. (2012). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus for 17 Highly Developed OECD Countries: Further Evidence Based on Bootstrap-Corrected Granger-Causality Tests. Energy Policy, Vol. 51, pp. 985-993.
  • Zivot, E. & Andrews, D. W. K. (1992). Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Vol. 10(3), pp.251-270.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Büyüme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tacinur Akça 0000-0002-4071-9525

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Akça, T. (2023). The Effects of Energy Consumption On Industrial Production: A Frequency Domain Causality Analysis. Ekonomi İşletme Ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 124-138. https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.1325733