Analysis Regarding Impact of Self-Efficacy and Personality Traits of University Students on Their Entrepreneurial Intentions

Yıl 2019, , 156 - 175, 30.04.2019

Nisa Nur Musluhittinoglu , Zafer Adıgüzel

https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.547101

Cited By: 1

Öz

The purpose of
this study is to determine the desired characteristics of entrepreneur
candidates and how and where they can get support within their current
situation. In addition, the study includes definitions of entrepreneur and
entrepreneurship concepts, an examination of desired   characteristics of entrepreneur candidates,
information about the activities that should be carried out before implementing
business ideas, and a review of previous studies. In this study, a survey has
been conducted with reference to young, entrepreneurial candidates within
university at various faculties and departments. As a result of the study, it
is clear that university students are generally not ready for an
entrepreneurship. But, if their self-confidence gets stronger, they do show
entrepreneurship intentions. In line with the study, the survey was carried out
with 613 university students, and the data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 23
Statistical Software Programming where demographic information was subjected to
descriptive analysis. Likert scale questions were subjected to factor analysis
and reliability analysis. Furthermore, correlation analysis was conducted to
examine the relationships between variables, regression analysis was used to
test the hypotheses, and a sobel test was used to measure the effect of
intervening variables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entrepreneurial Intention, Social Entrepreneurship Intention, Entrepreneurial self-efficacy, Government Entrepreneurial Support

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Girişimci Öz-Yeterliliklerinin ve Kişilik Özelliklerinin Girişimcilik Niyetlerine Etkisinin Analiz Edilmesi

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı girişimci adaylarının sahip olması gereken özellikleri,
destek alabileceği yerleri ve mevcut durumlarını saptamaktır. Ayrıca genel
anlamda girişimci ve girişimcilik kavramlarının tanımları, girişimci adayında
bulunması gereken özellikler, iş fikrinin gerçeğe dönüştürülmeden önce
yapılması gereken çalışmalar ve ayrıca daha önce yapılmış çalışmalarla ilgili
bilgiler yer almaktadır. Araştırmada, Anketimizi, üniversitelerin çeşitli
fakültelerinde ve bölümlerinde okuyan üniversite öğrencisi genç girişimci
adaylarıyla yapılan anketler oluşturmuştur. Araştırma da elde edilen bulgularda,
üniversite öğrencilerinin genel anlamda kişilik özelliklerinin girişimciliğe
hazır olmadığı ancak özgüvenleri ortaya çıktığında girişimcilik niyetlerinin
olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı kapsamında 613 üniversite
öğrencisi ile anket çalışması yürütülmüştür. IBM SPSS 23 İstatistik Paket
Programı kullanılarak elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiş ve Demografik
bilgilerde “descriptive (tanımlayıcı)” analiz kullanılmıştır. Likert ölçeğinin
kullanıldığı sorularda faktör analizi ve güvenirlilik analizi yapılmıştır.
Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesinde korelasyon analizi;
hipotezlerin test edilmesinde regresyon analizi ve ara değişken etkisinin
ölçülmesinde sobel testi yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Girişimcilik Niyeti, Sosyal Girişimcilik Niyeti, Girişimci Öz Yeterliliği, Devletten Girişimci Desteği, Kişilik Özellikleri

Kaynakça

• Adejumo, D. G. (2011). An assessment of the impact of IDC on generation of employment by small scale businesses in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(1), 1-14.
• Aroian, L. A. (1944/1947). The probability function of the product of two normally distributed variables. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18, 265-271.
• Austin, J. E. (2006). Three Avenues for Social Entrepreneurship Research. J. Mair, J. Robinson, & K. Hockerts içinde, Social Entrepreneurship (s. 22-33). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control (pp. 3-604). New York: wH Freeman.
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
• Bird, B. (2015). Entrepreneurial intentions research: A review and outlook. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 13(3), 143-168.
• Block, J. H., Hoogerheide, L., & Thurik, R. (2013). Education and entrepreneurial choice: An instrumental variables analysis. International Small Business Journal, 31(1), 23-33.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2005). Anket geliştirme. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 133-151.
• Carey, L. (1988). Measuring and evaluating school learning. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
• Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment (Vol. 17). Sage publications.
• Chell, E. (2008). The entrepreneurial personality: A social construction. Routledge.
• Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?. Journal of business venturing, 13(4), 295-316.
• Choo, S., & Wong, M. (2006). Entrepreneurial intention: triggers and barriers to new venture creations in Singapore. Singapore management review, 28(2), 47-65.
• Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic management journal, 10(1), 75-87.
• Çam, H., & Esengün, K. (2011). Organize sanayi bölgeleri ve uygulanan teşvik politikalarının işletmeler üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi: Osmaniye organize sanayi bölgesinde uygulama.
• De Noble, A. F., Jung, D., & Ehrlich, S. B. (1999). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: The development of a measure and its relationship to entrepreneurial action. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, 1999(1), 73-87.
• Dees, J. G. (1998). The Meaning of “Social Entrepreneurship”. The Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership.
• Espíritu-Olmos, R., & Sastre-Castillo, M. A. (2015). Personality traits versus work values: Comparing psychological theories on entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1595-1598.
• Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of small business management, 53(1), 75-93.
• Fayolle, A., & Liñán, F. (2014). The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 663-666.
• Ferreira, J. J., Raposo, M. L., Gouveia Rodrigues, R., Dinis, A., & do Paço, A. (2012). A model of entrepreneurial intention: An application of the psychological and behavioral approaches. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(3), 424-440.
• Fitzsimmons, J. R., & Douglas, E. J. (2011). Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(4), 431-440.
• Fowler, A. (2000). NGDOs as a moment in history: beyond aid to social entrepreneurship or civic innovation?. Third world quarterly, 21(4), 637-654.
• Gartner, W. B. (1988). “Who is an entrepreneur?” is the wrong question. American journal of small business, 12(4), 11-32.
• Gathungu, J. (2014). Entrepreneurial intention, culture, gender and new venture creation: Critical review. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 4(2), 112-132.
• Gavurová, B., Belás, J., Kotásková, A., & Čepel, M. (2018). Management of education concepts in the field of entrepreneurship of university students in the Czech Republic. Polish Journal of Management Studies.
• Gay, L. R. (1985). Educational evaluation & measurement. CE Merrill Publishing Company.
• Gelaidan, H. M., & Abdullateef, A. O. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students in Malaysia: the role of self-confidence, educational and relation support. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(1), 54-67.
• Gerber, M. E., & Keskin, T. (1996). Girişimcilik Tutkusu: küçük Işletmeler Niçin Batıyor, Nasıl Büyür. Sistem Yayıncılık.
• Goodman, L. A. (1960). On the exact variance of products. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 55, 708-713.
• Guerrero, M., Rialp, J., & Urbano, D. (2008). The impact of desirability and feasibility on entrepreneurial intentions: A structural equation model. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(1), 35-50.
• Hair, J. F. Robert, P. B., & David, J. O. (2000). Marketing Research. International Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill.
• Hockerts, K. (2015). The social entrepreneurial antecedents scale (SEAS): a validation study. Social Enterprise Journal, 11(3), 260-280.
• Hockerts, K. (2017). Determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 105-130.
• James, W. (1950). The principles of psychology. New York: Dover.
• Kamil, D., Sebastian, K., Jan, K., & Gabriela, S. (2017). The perception of governmental support in the context of competitiveness of SMEs in the Czech Republic. Journal of Competitiveness, 9(3), 34-50.
• Köksal, T. (2002). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’nin Devlet Yardımları Sistemlerinin Uyumlaştırılması. Etki Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Krueger Jr, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18(3), 91-104.
• Lanero, A., & Vazquez, J. L. (2015). A social cognitive model of entrepreneurial intentions in university students. Anales de Psicología, 31(1), 243.
• Lawal, A. A. (2011). Strategic importance of Nigerian small and medium enterprises: Separating the reality from the myth. Proceedings from 22nd inaugural Lecture of Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos.
• Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of vocational behavior, 45(1), 79-122.
• Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross–cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 33(3), 593-617.
• Luc, P. T. (2018). The Relationship between Perceived Access to Finance and Social Entrepreneurship Intentions among University Students in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 5(1), 63-72.
• MacKinnon, D. P., Warsi, G., & Dwyer, J. H. (1995). A simulation study of mediated effect measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 30, 41-62.
• Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of world business, 41(1), 36-44.
• McClelland, D.C. (1965). N achievement and entrepreneurship: A longitudinal study. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 1(4), 389.
• McGee, J. E., Peterson, M., Mueller, S. L., & Sequeira, J. M. (2009). Entrepreneurial self‐efficacy: refining the measure. Entrepreneurship theory and Practice, 33(4), 965-988.
• Mora, R., 2011. Estudio de actitudes emprendedoras con profesionales que crearon empresa. Revista Escuela de Administración de Negocios, 70-83. Available at: http://journal.ean.edu.co/index.php/Revista/article/view/552.
• Moriano, J. A., Gorgievski, M., Laguna, M., Stephan, U., & Zarafshani, K. (2012). A cross-cultural approach to understanding entrepreneurial intention. Journal of career development, 39(2), 162-185.
• Mort, Gillian Sullivan; Jay Weerawardena; Kashonia Carnegie. (2003). “Social Entrepreneurship: Towards Conceptualisation”, International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, Cilt: 8, Sayı: 1, 76-88.
• Nair, T. S., & Krishnan, L. (1998). Ripsas, Sven,’Towards an Interdisciplinary Theory of Entrepreneurship’, Small Business Economics, vol. 10, no. 2 (March 1998), pp. 103-15.
• Nga, J. K. H., & Shamuganathan, G. (2010). The influence of personality traits and demographic factors on social entrepreneurship start up intentions. Journal of business ethics, 95(2), 259-282.
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
• O’Sullivan, C., Tucker, S., Ramsden, P., Norman, W., Mulgan, G., & Vasconcelos, D. (2012). Financing Social Impact. Funding social innovation in Europe – mapping the way forward. Social Innovation Europe Initiative.
• Olagunju, Y. A. (2004). Entrepreneurship and small scale business entrepreneurship development. Nigeria: University Press.
• Palalić, R., Ramadani, V., Ðilović, A., Dizdarević, A., & Ratten, V. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions of university students: a case-based study. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 11(03), 393-413.
• Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2000). Psychological approaches to entrepreneurial success: A general model and an overview of findings. International review of industrial and organizational psychology, 15, 101-142.
• Remeikiene, R., Startiene, G., & Dumciuviene, D. (2013). Explaining entrepreneurial intention of university students: The role of entrepreneurial education. In International Conference. 299-307.
• Schmitt-Rodermund, E., & Vondracek, F. W. (2002). Occupational dreams, choices and aspirations: Adolescents' entrepreneurial prospects and orientations. Journal of Adolescence, 25(1), 65-78.
• Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human resource management review, 13(2), 257-279.
• Shinnar, R. S., Hsu, D. K., & Powell, B. C. (2014). Self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intentions, and gender: Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education longitudinally. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 561-570.
• Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological methodology, 13, 290-312.
• Soria-Barreto, K., Zuñiga-Jara, S., & Campo, S. R. (2016). Determinantes de la intención emprendedora: nueva evidencia/Determinants of entrepreneurial intention: new evidence/ Interciencia, 41(5), 325.
• Stapleton, C. D. (1997). Basic Concepts and Procedures of Confirmatory Factor Analysis.
• Taatila, V., & Down, S. (2012). Measuring entrepreneurial orientation of university students. Education+ Training, 54(8/9), 744-760.
• Tende, S. (2014). Government initiatives towards entrepreneurship development of entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Global Journal of Business Research, 8(2), 89-104.
• Thomas, J. R., Silverman, S., & Nelson, J. (2015). Research methods in physical activity, 7E. Human kinetics.
• Valencia Arias, A., Cadavid, L., Ríos Echeverri, D. C., & Awad, G. (2012). Factores que inciden en las intenciones emprendedoras de los estudiantes. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 17(57).
• Van Gelderen, M., Brand, M., van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., & Van Gils, A. (2008). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behaviour. Career development international, 13(6), 538-559.
• Vesalainen, J., & Pihkala, T. (2000). Entrepreneurial identity, intentions and the effect of the push-factor. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 4, 105.
• Yemoah, E. E., Arthis, S., & Issaka, A. (2014). Institutional framework for promoting SMEs in Ghana: Perspective of Entrepreneurs. Australian Journal of Management Research, 3(10), 24-45.
• Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of applied psychology, 90(6), 1265.
• Zimmerer, T. W., & Scarboroug, N. M. (2005). Essentials of entrepreneurship and small business management. Prentice-Hall.