Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Smart Ships in Maritime Transportation: The Perspective of Ship Captains

Yıl 2021, , 40 - 54, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.871776

Öz

The importance of "smart" ships in maritime transportation, which are defined as "unmanned", "uncrewed" or "autonomous" ships, controlled remotely with the help of smart decision support sensors and devices, is increasing day by day. In this study; within the main content of using mentioned smart ships in maritime transportation, subcontents of the effects of smart ships on potential ship accidents, changes in the amount of cargo that can be transported and unemployment of seafarers were examined via ship captains. In the study; phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research models was used and the collection of data was provided by a questionnaire and document analysis technique consisting of open-ended questions prepared within the interview technique. The main findings obtained as a result of the interpretation of the collected data with content and descriptive analysis methods are that smart ships will reduce potential grounding and collision type accidents, but they will almost not affect potential fire accidents, will increase the accident types of potential flooding / sinking and damage to the load. In addition, versatile seafarers will be needed in every situation and the amount of cargo to be transported will not be affected.

Kaynakça

  • AEGIS (2020). Advanced, Efficient and Green Intermodal Systems. 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde http://aegis.autonomous-ship.org/ adresinden alındı.
  • Autoship (2020). Autonomous Shipping Initiative for European Waters. 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.autoship-project.eu/ adresinden alındı.
  • Chen, Z., Chen, D., Zhang, Y., Cheng, X., Zhang, M., ve Wu, C. (2020). Deep learning for autonomous ship-oriented small ship detection. Safety Science.
  • EMSA (2019). Annual Overview of Marine Casualties and Incidents 2019. Lizbon: European Maritime Safety Agency.
  • Fan, C., Wrobel, K., Montewka, J., Gil, M., Wan, C., ve Zhang, D. (2020). A framework to identify factors influencing navigational risk for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships. Ocean Engineering.
  • FinFerries (2020). Annual Report and Corporate Responsibility Report 2019. Suomen Lauttaliikenne Group.
  • IMO (2018a). Report of the Correspondence Group on MASS. MSC 100/5.
  • IMO (2018b). MASS Presentation by Norway on 21 May 2018 on the "YARA Birkeland" development. MSC 99/INF.16.
  • IMO (2020a). Proposed terminology for MASS. MSC 102/5/18.
  • IMO (2020b). Reduction of GHG Emissions From Ships. MPEC 75.
  • Komianos, A. (2018, Haziran). The Autonomous Shipping Era. Operational, Regulatory, and Quality Challenges. International Journalon Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, s. 335-347.
  • Maritime Executive (2020). 28 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.maritime-executive.com/ article/vard-delivers-world-s-first-electric-autonomous-container-feeder adresinden alındı
  • Maritime Executive (2021). 27 Ocak 2021 tarihinde https://www.maritime-executive.com/ article/an-early-look-at-asko-s-autonomous-freight-ferry adresinden alındı
  • Massterfly (2020, Eylül). Making Autonomy a Reality. 28 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.massterly.com/news-1 adresinden alındı.
  • NOAA (2020). Autonomous Vehicles Help Scientists Estimate Fish Abundance While Protecting Human Health and Safety. 30 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/autonomous-vehicles-help-scientists-estimate-fish-abundance-while-protecting-human adresinden alındı.
  • NYK Line (2019). NYK Conducts World’s First Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships Trial. 08 Ocak 2021 tarihinde https://www.nyk.com/english/news/2019/20190930_01.html adresinden alındı.
  • Roestad, V. O. (2016). The validity of an extended technology acceptance model. Master's thesis.
  • Samosir, D. H., Markert, M., ve Busse, W. (2016). The Technical and Business Analysis of Using Shore Power Connection in The Port of Hamburg. Jurnal Teknik ITS, s. G-350, (Vol:5)
  • Sea Machines (2020). Unmanned Hydrographic Survey Operations for Higher Quality Data Collection ve Increased Safety. 1 Aralık 2020 tarihinde https://sea-machines.com/unmanned-hydrographic-survey-operations-for-higher-quality-data-collection-increased-safety#deepanch adresinden alındı
  • Stopford, M. (2008). Maritime Economics. Taylor ve Francis e-Library.
  • Tvete, H. A. (2014, Şubat). The Next Revolt. Maritime Impact, 18-24.
  • Tvete, H. A. (2015). Berlin: Unmanned Vessels The DNV GL Revolt Project.
  • Wingrove, M. (2020). Riviera Maritime Media Ltd. 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.rivieramm.com/news-content-hub/news-content-hub/china-will-lead-us15bn-autonomous-shipping-market-by-2025-58960 adresinden alındı
  • Wingrove, M. (2020). Riviera Maritime Media Ltd. 28 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.rivieramm.com/news-content-hub/news-content-hub/samsung-tests-autonomous-ship-technology-on-tug-61383 adresinden alındı.
  • WMU, World Maritime University (2019). Transport 2040: Automation, Technology, Employment - The Future of Work. World Maritime University.
  • WMU, World Maritime University (2020). 15 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.wmu.se/news/the-future-of-maritime-transportation-until-2050 adresinden alındı.
  • Wróbel, K., Montewkab, J., ve Kujala, P. (2017). Towards the assessment of potential impact of unmanned vessels on maritime transportation safety. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 155-169.
  • Xinde Maritime Network (2020). 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://xindemarinenews.com/topic/chuanbojianzhao/2020/0517/20492.html adresinden alındı.

Deniz Taşımacılığında Akıllı Gemiler: Gemi Kaptanlarının Bakış Açısı

Yıl 2021, , 40 - 54, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.871776

Öz

Deniz taşımacılığında “insansız”, “mürettebatsız”, “özerk” veya “otonom” gemi, kavramları ile de ifade edilen, akıllı karar destek sensörleri ve cihazları yardımıyla uzaktan kumandalı “akıllı” gemilerin önemi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bahse konu akıllı gemilerin deniz taşımacılığında kullanılması ana teması dâhilinde; akıllı gemilerin olası gemi kazalarına etkileri, taşınabilecek yük miktarının değişimi, gemi adamlarının işsiz kalması alt temaları, gemi kaptanlarının bakış açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modellerinden olgu bilim deseni kullanılmış olup, verilerin toplanması, görüşme tekniği dâhilinde hazırlanan açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan anket ve doküman analizi tekniği ile sağlanmıştır. Toplanan verilerin içerik ve betimsel analiz yöntemleri ile yorumlanması sonucunda elde edilen başlıca bulgular, akıllı gemilerin olası karaya oturma ve çatma türü kazaları azaltacağı, olası yangın kazasına neredeyse etkisi olmayacağı, ancak olası su alma / batma ve yükün zarar görmesi kaza türlerini ise arttıracağı yönündedir. Bunun yanı sıra yönetici düzeyinde çok yönlü gemi adamlarına her durumda ihtiyaç olacağı ve taşınacak yük miktarının ise etkilenmeyeceği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • AEGIS (2020). Advanced, Efficient and Green Intermodal Systems. 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde http://aegis.autonomous-ship.org/ adresinden alındı.
  • Autoship (2020). Autonomous Shipping Initiative for European Waters. 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.autoship-project.eu/ adresinden alındı.
  • Chen, Z., Chen, D., Zhang, Y., Cheng, X., Zhang, M., ve Wu, C. (2020). Deep learning for autonomous ship-oriented small ship detection. Safety Science.
  • EMSA (2019). Annual Overview of Marine Casualties and Incidents 2019. Lizbon: European Maritime Safety Agency.
  • Fan, C., Wrobel, K., Montewka, J., Gil, M., Wan, C., ve Zhang, D. (2020). A framework to identify factors influencing navigational risk for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships. Ocean Engineering.
  • FinFerries (2020). Annual Report and Corporate Responsibility Report 2019. Suomen Lauttaliikenne Group.
  • IMO (2018a). Report of the Correspondence Group on MASS. MSC 100/5.
  • IMO (2018b). MASS Presentation by Norway on 21 May 2018 on the "YARA Birkeland" development. MSC 99/INF.16.
  • IMO (2020a). Proposed terminology for MASS. MSC 102/5/18.
  • IMO (2020b). Reduction of GHG Emissions From Ships. MPEC 75.
  • Komianos, A. (2018, Haziran). The Autonomous Shipping Era. Operational, Regulatory, and Quality Challenges. International Journalon Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, s. 335-347.
  • Maritime Executive (2020). 28 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.maritime-executive.com/ article/vard-delivers-world-s-first-electric-autonomous-container-feeder adresinden alındı
  • Maritime Executive (2021). 27 Ocak 2021 tarihinde https://www.maritime-executive.com/ article/an-early-look-at-asko-s-autonomous-freight-ferry adresinden alındı
  • Massterfly (2020, Eylül). Making Autonomy a Reality. 28 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.massterly.com/news-1 adresinden alındı.
  • NOAA (2020). Autonomous Vehicles Help Scientists Estimate Fish Abundance While Protecting Human Health and Safety. 30 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/autonomous-vehicles-help-scientists-estimate-fish-abundance-while-protecting-human adresinden alındı.
  • NYK Line (2019). NYK Conducts World’s First Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships Trial. 08 Ocak 2021 tarihinde https://www.nyk.com/english/news/2019/20190930_01.html adresinden alındı.
  • Roestad, V. O. (2016). The validity of an extended technology acceptance model. Master's thesis.
  • Samosir, D. H., Markert, M., ve Busse, W. (2016). The Technical and Business Analysis of Using Shore Power Connection in The Port of Hamburg. Jurnal Teknik ITS, s. G-350, (Vol:5)
  • Sea Machines (2020). Unmanned Hydrographic Survey Operations for Higher Quality Data Collection ve Increased Safety. 1 Aralık 2020 tarihinde https://sea-machines.com/unmanned-hydrographic-survey-operations-for-higher-quality-data-collection-increased-safety#deepanch adresinden alındı
  • Stopford, M. (2008). Maritime Economics. Taylor ve Francis e-Library.
  • Tvete, H. A. (2014, Şubat). The Next Revolt. Maritime Impact, 18-24.
  • Tvete, H. A. (2015). Berlin: Unmanned Vessels The DNV GL Revolt Project.
  • Wingrove, M. (2020). Riviera Maritime Media Ltd. 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.rivieramm.com/news-content-hub/news-content-hub/china-will-lead-us15bn-autonomous-shipping-market-by-2025-58960 adresinden alındı
  • Wingrove, M. (2020). Riviera Maritime Media Ltd. 28 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.rivieramm.com/news-content-hub/news-content-hub/samsung-tests-autonomous-ship-technology-on-tug-61383 adresinden alındı.
  • WMU, World Maritime University (2019). Transport 2040: Automation, Technology, Employment - The Future of Work. World Maritime University.
  • WMU, World Maritime University (2020). 15 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.wmu.se/news/the-future-of-maritime-transportation-until-2050 adresinden alındı.
  • Wróbel, K., Montewkab, J., ve Kujala, P. (2017). Towards the assessment of potential impact of unmanned vessels on maritime transportation safety. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 155-169.
  • Xinde Maritime Network (2020). 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://xindemarinenews.com/topic/chuanbojianzhao/2020/0517/20492.html adresinden alındı.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Murat Yorulmaz 0000-0002-5736-9146

Kaan Karabulut 0000-0002-6285-9465

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Yorulmaz, M., & Karabulut, K. (2020). Deniz Taşımacılığında Akıllı Gemiler: Gemi Kaptanlarının Bakış Açısı. Ekonomi İşletme Ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 40-54. https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.871776