Energy has become one of the basic requirements for human welfare and for the sustainability of economic activities. Empirical results from many studies have shown that energy consumption increases economic growth and welfare. There are very few studies in the literature examining the relationship between energy consumption, energy prices and quality of life. The aim of this study is examining the hypothesis of the necessity of increasing the use of energy in order to reduce poverty and quality of life for Turkey. The study contributes to the literature due to the small number of studies conducted in this field and the fact that it investigates the relationship between energy consumption, energy prices and human development index with the help of the Autoregressive Distributed Lags model using current data for the period 1990-2019. Findings demonstrate that energy consumption is important for increasing human welfare and has little response to energy price changes in the long term. In the short term, it was found that the human development index was affected positively by energy consumption in the current period, and negatively affected in one lag, but neutral to energy prices.
Antonietti, R., & Fontini, F. (2019). Does energy price affect energy efficiency? Cross-country panel evidence. Energy Policy, 129, 896-906. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.069
Bahmanı-Oskooee, M. M. & Goswamı, G. G. (2003). A disaggregated approach to test the j-curve phenomenon: Japan versus her major trading partners. Journal of Economics and Finance, 27(1), 102-113. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02751593.pdf
Dias, R. A., Mattos, C. R., & Balestieri, J. A. (2006). The limits of human development and the use of energy and natural resources. Energy Policy, 34(9), 1026-1031. doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.09.008
Doğan, E.M. & Tatlı, H. (2014). İnsani gelişme ve insani yoksulluk bağlamında Türkiye’nin dünyadaki yeri. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 28(1), 99-124. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/atauniiibd/issue/2712/35952
Ediger, S. E. & Tathdil, H. (2007). Energy as an indicator of human indicator development: a statistical approach. Energy Policy, 35, 2969-2977.
Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276.
Johansen, S., & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration—with appucations to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics, 52(2), 169-210.
Koçak, E. (2014). Türkiye'de çevresel kuznets eğrisi hipotezinin geçerliliği: Ardl sınır testi yaklaşımı. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 62-73.
Martinez D. M. & Ebenhack B. W. (2008). Understanding the role of energy consumption in human development through the use of saturation phenomena. Energy Policy, 36, 1430-1435. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2007.12.016
Narayan, P. K. & Narayan, S. (2005). Estimating income and price elasticities of imports for fiji in a cointegration framework. Economic Modelling, 22(3), 423-438. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2004.06.004
Niu, S., Jia, Y., Wang, W., He, R., Hu, L., & Liu, Y. (2013). Electricity consumption and human development level: A comparative analysis based on panel data for 50 countries. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 53, 338-347. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.05.024
Ouedraogo, N. S. (2013). Energy consumption and human development: Evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model. Energy, 63, 28-41. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.067
Pasternak, A. D. (2001). Global energy futures and human development: a framework for analysis. Retrieved from: https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20264287
Pesaran, M. H. & B. Pesaran (1997), Working with Microfit 4.0: interactive econometric analysis, Oxford University Press.
Pesaran, M. H., Y. Shin & R. J. Smith (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. doi: 10.1002/jae.616
UNDP (2005). Human development report, international cooperation at a crossroads. Retrieved from: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/266/hdr05_complete.pdf
Warr B.S, & Ayres R.U. (2010). Evidence of causality between the quantity and quality of energy consumption and economic growth. Energy, 35, 1688-1693. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2009.12.017
Wu, Q., Clulow, V., & Maslyuk, S. (2010). Energy consumption inequality and human development. In 2010 International Conference on Management Science & Engineering 17th Annual Conference Proceedings (p. 1398-1409). IEEE. Retrieved from: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=5719973&casa_token=2MIi1V3aFKEAAAAA:Vn-lN1ceY_q1fA1un3dEmxruivy8Tt-SjkqHZ_FPGGpMxP0vGp-O2_wehCM6g7dr-nj-h5bpNQ&tag=1
Yılancı, V. (2015). Türkiye'de para talebi istikrarlılığının testi: kayan pencerelerde sınır testi yaklaşımı. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 33. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/55789
ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı Bağlamında, Enerji Tüketimi ve Enerji Fiyatlarının Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Enerji hem insanların refahı hem de ekonomik faaliyetlerin sürdürülebilmesi için temel gereksinimlerden biri haline gelmiştir. Birçok çalışmadan elde edilen ampirik sonuçlar enerji tüketiminin ekonomik büyümeyi ve refahı arttırdığını göstermiştir. Literatürde enerji tüketimi, enerji fiyatları-yaşam kalitesi ilişkisini inceleyen çok az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yoksulluğun azaltılması ve yaşam kalitesinin arttırılabilmesi için enerji kullanımının gerekliliği hipotezini Türkiye için araştırmaktır. Çalışma, bu alanda yapılan araştırmaların az sayıda olması ve enerji tüketimi, enerji fiyatları ve insani gelişim endeksi arasındaki ilişkiyi 1990-2019 dönemine ait güncel veriler kullanılarak Otoregresif Dağıtılmış Gecikmeler modeli yardımıyla araştırması sebebiyle literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır. Ampirik analizden elde edilen bulgular, uzun dönemde insan refahının artması için enerji tüketiminin önemli olduğunu ve enerji fiyat değişikliklerine çok az tepki verdiğini göstermektedir. Kısa dönemde ise insani gelişim endeksinin enerji tüketiminden cari dönemde olumlu, bir gecikmesinden ise olumsuz etkilendiği ancak enerji fiyatlarına karşı nötr olduğu bulgusu elde edilmiştir.
Antonietti, R., & Fontini, F. (2019). Does energy price affect energy efficiency? Cross-country panel evidence. Energy Policy, 129, 896-906. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.069
Bahmanı-Oskooee, M. M. & Goswamı, G. G. (2003). A disaggregated approach to test the j-curve phenomenon: Japan versus her major trading partners. Journal of Economics and Finance, 27(1), 102-113. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02751593.pdf
Dias, R. A., Mattos, C. R., & Balestieri, J. A. (2006). The limits of human development and the use of energy and natural resources. Energy Policy, 34(9), 1026-1031. doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.09.008
Doğan, E.M. & Tatlı, H. (2014). İnsani gelişme ve insani yoksulluk bağlamında Türkiye’nin dünyadaki yeri. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 28(1), 99-124. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/atauniiibd/issue/2712/35952
Ediger, S. E. & Tathdil, H. (2007). Energy as an indicator of human indicator development: a statistical approach. Energy Policy, 35, 2969-2977.
Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276.
Johansen, S., & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration—with appucations to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics, 52(2), 169-210.
Koçak, E. (2014). Türkiye'de çevresel kuznets eğrisi hipotezinin geçerliliği: Ardl sınır testi yaklaşımı. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 62-73.
Martinez D. M. & Ebenhack B. W. (2008). Understanding the role of energy consumption in human development through the use of saturation phenomena. Energy Policy, 36, 1430-1435. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2007.12.016
Narayan, P. K. & Narayan, S. (2005). Estimating income and price elasticities of imports for fiji in a cointegration framework. Economic Modelling, 22(3), 423-438. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2004.06.004
Niu, S., Jia, Y., Wang, W., He, R., Hu, L., & Liu, Y. (2013). Electricity consumption and human development level: A comparative analysis based on panel data for 50 countries. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 53, 338-347. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.05.024
Ouedraogo, N. S. (2013). Energy consumption and human development: Evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model. Energy, 63, 28-41. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.067
Pasternak, A. D. (2001). Global energy futures and human development: a framework for analysis. Retrieved from: https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20264287
Pesaran, M. H. & B. Pesaran (1997), Working with Microfit 4.0: interactive econometric analysis, Oxford University Press.
Pesaran, M. H., Y. Shin & R. J. Smith (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. doi: 10.1002/jae.616
UNDP (2005). Human development report, international cooperation at a crossroads. Retrieved from: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/266/hdr05_complete.pdf
Warr B.S, & Ayres R.U. (2010). Evidence of causality between the quantity and quality of energy consumption and economic growth. Energy, 35, 1688-1693. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2009.12.017
Wu, Q., Clulow, V., & Maslyuk, S. (2010). Energy consumption inequality and human development. In 2010 International Conference on Management Science & Engineering 17th Annual Conference Proceedings (p. 1398-1409). IEEE. Retrieved from: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=5719973&casa_token=2MIi1V3aFKEAAAAA:Vn-lN1ceY_q1fA1un3dEmxruivy8Tt-SjkqHZ_FPGGpMxP0vGp-O2_wehCM6g7dr-nj-h5bpNQ&tag=1
Yılancı, V. (2015). Türkiye'de para talebi istikrarlılığının testi: kayan pencerelerde sınır testi yaklaşımı. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 33. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/55789
Türkmen, S., & Naimoğlu, M. (2021). In The Context of ARDL Bound Test Approach, Energy Consumptıon and Energy Prices Effects on Quality of Life. Ekonomi İşletme Ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 263-272. https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.999182