Finansal Başarısızlık ve KPI Puanları Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi: SASB Ulaşım Sektöründe Bir Uygulama

Öz

Şirketler faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirirken ekonomik dalgalanmalar ve krizler sebebiyle finansal sıkıntılarla karşılaşabilirler. Bu duruma düşmek istemeyen şirketler için finansal yöntemler geliştirilmiştir. Şirketlerin yayınladıkları finansal raporlar finansal başarısızlığın belirlenmesinde temel oluşturmakla birlikte iklim değişikliği, küresel ısınma gibi çevresel sorunlar finansal olmayan raporlara olan talebi arttırmıştır. Böylece finansal raporlara ek olarak ekolojik ve çevre odaklısorunlarının belirlenmesi için sürdürülebilirlik raporlarına ihtiyaç duymuşlardır. Şirketler sürdürülebilirlik raporları sayesinde paydaşlara ve ilgili gruplara yenilikçi ve çevreci yaklaşımlarını paydaşlara açıklamışlardır. Şirketlerin sürdürülebilirlik raporları yayınlaması ile hem müşteri profilini hem de şirketin itibarını arttırdığı düşünülmektedir. Sürdürülebilirlik muhasebesi ve raporlaması ile ilgili konuların paydaşlara aktarılmasında Sürdürülebilirlik Muhasebe Standartları Kurulu (SASB) çatı görevi görmektedir. SASB, 11 sektör ve 77 endüstri dalında sürdürülebilirlik muhasebesi standartları geliştirmek için faaliyet gösteren bir kuruluştur. Çalışmada öncelikle SASB’da yer alan 11 sektörden ulaşım sektörü seçilmiş ve sürdürülebilirlik ölçüm parametreleri (KPI) belirlenmiştir. Ardından, SASB - KPI puanları ile finansal başarısızlık olasılıkları arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmek amacıyla, ekonomik KPI göstergesi olarak finansal tablolar seçilmiştir. Uygulama aşamasında ulaşım sektöründe 43 şirket mevcut olup, 40 şirketin verisine ulaşılmıştır. Ancak bir şirket 2017 yılında kurulduğundan değerlendirmeye alınmamış, kalan 39 adet şirketin 2016-2020 yılları arasında yayınladıkları beş yıllık finansal tablolar esas alınmıştır. Şirketlerin finansal başarısızlık göstergesi olarak bağımlı- bağımsız değişkenler seçilmiş, logit ve probit modeller uygulanarak, sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansal Başarısızlık
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Temel Performans Göstergeleri

Analyzing the Relationship Between Financial Failure and KPI Score: An Application in the SASB Transportation Sector

Öz

Companies can encounter financial difficulties while carrying out their activities due to economic fluctuations and crises. Financial methods have been developed for companies that want to avoid this situation. In addition to the financial reports companies publish forming the basis for identifying financial failure, environmental problems such as climate change and global warming have increased the demand for non-financial reports as well. Thus, sustainability reports are needed in addition to financial reports in order to determine a company’s ecological and environmentoriented problems. Companies use sustainability reports to announce their innovative and environmentalist approaches to stakeholders and related groups, and publishing sustainability reports is thought to allow companies to increase both their customer profiles as well as their reputation. The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) acts as a framework with regard to how to convey to stakeholders issues related to sustainability accounting and reporting. SASB is an organization that operates to develop sustainability accounting standardsin 11 sectors and 77 industry branches. The currentstudy hasselected the transportation sector from among those in SASB and has identified sustainability measurement parameters in terms of key performance indicators (KPIs). In order to analyze the relationship between SASB’s KPI scores and the likelihood of financial failure, the study has chosen financial statements as the economic KPI indicator. During the implementation phase, the study reached out to 43 companies in the transportation sector and accessed data from 40 companies. However, one company was not taken into consideration due to having been founded in 2017; thus, the implementation is based on the remaining 39 companies’ five-year financial statements published between 2016-2020. The study also selected dependent and independent variables as indicators of companies’ financial failure and interpreted the results by applying logit and probit models.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Financial Failure
• Sustainability
• Key Performance Indicators

Kaynakça

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