Yüksek Teknoloji İhracatında Ürün Yoğunlaşması ve Gelir Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 36, 153 - 185, 29.06.2022

Devran Şanlı Aziz Konukman

https://doi.org/10.26650/ekoist.2022.36.1039695

Öz

İhracatta yoğunlaşma, ihracatın gelir ve büyümeye verdiği katkı ve bu durumun sürdürülebilirliği açısından önemlidir. Buradan hareketle ihracatta yoğunlaşma-gelir ilişkisini araştıran bir literatür doğmuştur. Ancak söz konusu ilişki teknoloji düzeylerine göre henüz kapsamlı biçimde analiz edilmemiştir. Mevcut çalışma bu noktadaki boşluğu yüksek teknoloji seviyesinde doldurmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu yönüyle literatürde öncül bir çalışma olacaktır. Bununla birlikte yine ilk kez bu çalışmada kaynak laneti hipotezinin yüksek teknoloji sektörü için geçerliliği sınanmaktadır. 1988-2017 ve 49 ülke örnekleminde panel veri ekonometrisiyle elde edilen bulgular, İhracatın geneli için ileri sürülen U-biçimli ilişkinin yüksek teknoloji(HT) sektörü için geçerli olmadığı göstermektedir. HT ihracatı yoğunlaşması ve gelir arasında çeşitlenme eğrisinin varlığından söz edilemez. Ancak, HT ihracatında çeşitlenmenin itici gücünün, gelir düzeyi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gelir düzeyi arttıkça ülkeler HT ürünlerini çeşitlendirebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, doğal kaynak zenginliği HT ihracatının çeşitlenmesinde engelleyici bir unsur olmamakta aksine çeşitlenmeye katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu bulgu, kaynak bolluğunun teknolojik ilerleme ve bilgi ekonomisi faaliyetlerini dışlamadığını göstermektedir. Kontrol değişkenleri olarak ülke ölçeği ve ticaret hacmi göstergeleri ise yoğunlaşmaya pozitif katkı vermektedir. Bu sonuç da ihracatın geneli için ileri sürülen literatürün aksine bir bulgudur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

HT ihracatı, Yoğunlaşma, Gelir, Doğal Kaynak Laneti, Panel Veri

An Empirical Analysis of Product Concentration and Income in High-Technology Exports

Öz

Concentration on exports is important in terms of the contribution of exports to sustainable economic growth and income level. Therefore, literature researching the relationship between export concentration and income has emerged. However, the relationship in question has not yet been extensively analyzed concerning high-technology exports. The current study investigates the product concentration/diversification at the high-technology level, which has made it a pioneering study and the validity of the resource curse hypothesis for the high-technology sector. The findings obtained by panel data econometrics in a sample from 1988 to 2017 in 49 countries show that the U-shaped relationship put forward for general exports does not apply to high-technology (HT) exports. There is no diversification curve between HT-export concentration and income. However,the driver of diversification in HT exports has been found to be income level. Asincome levelsincrease, countries can diversify HT products. Besides, natural resource wealth is not a hindrance to the diversification of HT exports; instead, it contributes to diversification. This finding suggests that resource abundance does not exclude technological progress and knowledge economy activities. As control variables, country scale and trade volume indicators contribute positively to HT concentration. This result contradicts the literature put forward on general export.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ht-Export, Concentration, Income, Natural Resource Curse, Panel Data

Kaynakça

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