Mimarlıkta Kullanıcı Odaklı Tasarımın Açılımı: Kavramsal Çerçeve ve Uygulama Yaklaşımları

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 126 - 151, 31.12.2025

Sena Işıklar Bengi

https://doi.org/10.58317/eksen.1780748

Öz

Kullanıcı odaklı tasarım, bireylerin psikolojik, fizyolojik ve mekânsal ihtiyaçlarını merkeze alarak geliştirilen bir tasarım yaklaşımıdır. Bu anlayış, çevre-davranış çalışmaları kapsamında şekillenmiş ve bina tasarım süreçlerinde kullanıcı memnuniyetini artırmayı dikkate alarak tasarımın işlevsel, duygusal ve deneyimsel boyutlarını bütüncül biçimde sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, mimarlıkta kullanıcı odaklı tasarımın önemini, temel prensiplerini ve farklı uygulama yaklaşımlarını sunmaktadır. Bina yaşam döngüsünün dört temel aşaması üzerinden ele alınan bu yaklaşımda, mimari programlama, işyeri planlaması, kanıta dayalı tasarım, kalite fonksiyon yayılımı, işbirlikçi ve katılımcı tasarım, kapsayıcı tasarım, duyusal tasarım, ergonomik tasarım, kullanıcı simülasyonu ve kullanım sonrası değerlendirme gibi yöntemlerin rolü ayrıntılı biçimde tartışılmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerin, kullanıcı beklentileri ile mimari çözümler arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaya aracılık ettiği belirtilmektedir. Ayrıca sanal simülasyonlar ve yapay zekâ destekli analizler gibi yeni teknolojilerin entegrasyonu, kullanıcı deneyimi tasarımında daha etkin ve yenilikçi çözümler üretme potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma ile kullanıcı odaklı tasarımın mimarlık pratiğinde sürdürülebilir, kapsayıcı ve insan merkezli bir yaklaşım sunduğu; literatürdeki kavramsal boşlukları doldurarak gelecekteki araştırmalar ve uygulamalar için yol gösterici bir çerçeve oluşturduğu vurgulanmıştır. Kullanıcı odaklı tasarım yaklaşımı, bireylerin mekân algısını ve sosyal-fiziksel ihtiyaçlarını dikkate alan sürdürülebilir bir perspektif ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak çalışma, kullanıcı odaklı tasarımın mimarlık bağlamında kapsamlı bir tanımını yapılmıştır. Kullanıcı odaklı tasarımda kullanılan yöntemleri bina yaşam döngüsü üzerinden sistematik biçimden örneklemektedir. Böylelikle özellikle Türkçe literatürde görülen kullanıcı odaklı tasarımın tanımına dair bütüncül bir bilgi eksikliğini doldurmaktadır. Bu metin kullanıcı odaklı tasarım çalışmalarında yer almayı amaçlayan araştırmacılar için yol gösterici bir başlangıç niteliğindedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kullanıcı odaklı tasarım , çevre-davranış çalışmaları , insan-mekân etkileşimi , kullanıcı , kullanıcı beklentileri

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, doğrudan insan katılımı ya da etik kurul onayı gerektiren nitelikte veri içermediği için etik kurul onayı alınmamıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yazar bu makalenin araştırılması, yazarlığı ve/veya yayımlanması için hiçbir maddi destek almamıştır.

User-Centered Design in Architecture: Conceptual Framework and Application Approaches

Öz

User-centered design is a design approach developed by centering the psychological, physiological, and spatial needs of individuals. This understanding, shaped within the scope of environmental-behavior studies, presents the functional, emotional, and experiential dimensions of design in an integrated way, taking into account the increase of user satisfaction in building design processes. This study presents the importance, basic principles, and different application approaches of user-centered design in architecture. In this approach, which is discussed through the four main stages of the building life cycle, the roles of methods such as architectural programming, workplace planning, evidence-based design, quality function deployment, collaborative and participatory design, inclusive design, sensory design, ergonomic design, user simulation, and post-occupancy evaluation are discussed in detail. It is stated that these methods mediate understanding the relationship between user expectations and architectural solutions. In addition, the integration of new technologies such as virtual simulations and AI-supported analyses has the potential to produce more effective and innovative solutions in user experience design. With this study, it is emphasized that user-centered design offers a sustainable, inclusive, and human-centered approach in architectural practice; it fills conceptual gaps in the literature and establishes a guiding framework for future research and applications. The user-centered design approach presents a sustainable perspective that takes into account individuals’ spatial perception and social-physical needs. As a result, the study provides a comprehensive definition of user-centered design in the context of architecture. It systematically exemplifies the methods used in user-centered design through the building life cycle. Thus, it fills the lack of holistic information regarding the definition of user-centered design, especially observed in the Turkish literature. This text is a guiding starting point for researchers who aim to take part in user-centered design studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

User-centered design , environment-behavior studies , human–space interaction , user , user expectations.

Etik Beyan

As this study does not involve direct human participation or data that requires ethics committee approval, approval from the ethics committee was not obtained.

Destekleyen Kurum

The author received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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