ORTAÖĞRETİM TARİH EĞİTİMİNDE YEREL TARİHİN YERİ VE ÖNEMİ

Öz

Tarih derslerinde yerel tarihin kullanımı yirminci yüzyılın başından itibaren eğitimcilerin gündeminde olmuştur. Bazı ülkelerde aktif tarih öğrenmenin bir yolu olarak önerilen yerel tarih konusu, son yıllarda küreselleşme ve postmodernizm tartışmalarıyla birlikte yeniden gündeme gelmiştir. Ülkemizde kabul edilen yeni Sosyal Bilgiler ve Tarih dersleri öğretim programlarında da okullarda yerel tarih konularına önem verilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu makalede uluslararası literatürden hareketle tarih derslerinde yerel tarihin kullanılma biçimleri, yerel tarihin faydaları ve yerel tarih kullanılırken karşılaşılan problemler ve bunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri tartışılmış ayrıca  yerel tarih konularının tarih derslerinde daha etkili kullanılması için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tarih öğretimi, tarih eğitimi, yerel tarih, yerel tarih öğretimi

Kaynakça

1. Aggiornamento, U. (2002). Teaching local history in schools. http://www.clio92.it/tesi/en/local_history.htm. (Accessed 24 February 2003).
2. Aktekin, S. (2001). İngiliz tarih eğitiminde yerel tarihin yeri. İçinde: Celebi, F., (ed.) Yerel Tarihçilik, Kent, Sivil Girişim(205-212). İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yayınları.
3. Aktekin, S. (2002). Çevremizdeki tarihi öğretmeliyiz. Toplumsal Tarih. Mayıs, Sayı 101: 28-29.
4. Aktekin, S. (2004). The Inclusion of Local History in the Secondary History National Curriculum in Turkey: Problems and Potential, Unpublished EdD thesis, University of Nottingham: School of Education, Nottingham: UK.
5. Aktekin, S. (2005). Tarih eğitiminde denge arayışları: Euroclio’dan izlenimler. Toplumsal Tarih, Haziran, Sayı 138: 22–25.
6. Aktekin, S. (2006). Tarih öğretmenlerinin gözüyle tarih derslerinde yerel tarih. Toplumsal Tarih. Mayıs. Sayı 149, s.83–89
7. Aldrich, R.E. (1984). New history: a historical perspective. In Dickinson, A.K., Lee, P.J., Rogers, P.J., (eds.), Learning History (210-224). London: Heinemann Educational Books.
8. Anderson, C., & Moore, A. (1994). Making history happen outside the classroom. In Bourdillon, H., (ed.) Teaching History. (196-208) London and New York: Routledge.

9. Andreetti, K. (1993). Teaching history from primary evidence. London: David Fulton Publishers Ltd.
10. AQA. (Assessment and Qualifications Alliance). (2000). General Certificate of Secondary Education History (Schools History Project) Specification A. Surrey: AQA.
11. Aris, M. (1999) Resources for teacher-designed units: some general guidelines. In Brooks, R., Aris, M., and Perry, I., The effective teaching of history. (98- 158) London: Longman.
12. Bage, G. (2000) Thinking History 4-14. Teaching, learning, curricula and communities. London: Routledge/Falmer.
13. Black, J., & MacRaild, D.M. (2000). Studying history. Hampshire: Palgrave.
14. Bourdillon H. (ed.) (1994) Teaching History. London and New York: Routledge.
15. Brooks, R., Aris, M. and Perry, I. (1999). The Effective Teaching of History. London: Longman.
16. Brooks, V. (1994). The Changing Face of Primary School History in the United States. Teaching History, 76, 23-27.
17. Brown, R. (1995). Managing the learning of history. London: David Fulton Publishers.
18. Campbell, P.R. (1998). The new history: the Annales school of history and modern historiography. In Lamount, W. (ed.) Historical Controversies and Historians. London: UCL Press, pp.189-199.
19. Claire, H. (1996). Reclaiming our pasts. London: Trentham Books Limited.
20. Collicot, S.L. (1993). A way of looking at History: local-national-world links. Teaching History, July, 18-23.
21. Counsell, C. (1999) Teaching history. Today’s History, November: 18-20.
22. Crace, J. (2001). Playing to the gallery. The Guardian Education, 13 November: 2-3.
23. Culpin, C. (1999). No puzzle, no learning: How to make your site visits rigorous, fascinating and indispensable. Teaching History, 97: 29-35.
24. David, R.G., & Huggins, M. (1992). Local History and the National Curriculum. The Journal of Regional and Local Studies, 12(2): 1-5.
25. DES. (1991). History in the national curriculum. London: HMSO.
26. DfEE & QCA. (1999) History curriculum. London.
27. Douch, R. (1967). Local history and the teacher. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
28. Douch, R. (1970). Local History. In: Ballard, M. (ed.) New Movements in the Study and Teaching of History(105-115). London: Ttemple Smith.
29. Douch, R. (1972). Local History. In: Burston, W.H., and Green, C.W., (ed.) Handbook for History Teachers.(75-89). London and Toronto: Methuen Educational Ltd.
30. Fairley, J.A. (1967). Activity methods in History. London: Nelson.
31. Farmer, A., & Knight, P. (1995) Active history in key stages 3 and 4. London: David Fulton Publishers.
32. Finberg, H.P.R. (1965). Local History. In Finberg, H.P.R. (ed.) Approaches to History. (111-125). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
33. Finberg, H.P.R. (1967). Local History. In Finberg, H.P.R.,and Skipp,V.H.T., Local history objective and pursuit (25-44). Newton Abbot:David and Charles Publishers Ltd.
34. Fines, J. (1994). Evidence, The basis of the discipline? In Bourdillon, H., (ed.) 1994. Teaching history.(122-125) London and New York: Routledge.
35. Firth, C.B. (1932). The learning of history in elementary schools. London: Kegan Paul Trench Ltd.
36. Giese, J.R. (2000). Studying and teaching history. In Teaching the Social Sciences and History in Secondary Schools (273-311). Illinois: Waveland Press.
37. Gosden, P.H.J.H., & Sylvester, D.W. (1968) History for the average child. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
38. Goubert, P. (1971). Local history. Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Winter, 113-127.
39. Graham, E.J. (1988). Local history studies in the classroom. Teaching History, October, 25-33.
40. Griffin, J., & Eddershaw, D. (1994). Using local history sources. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
41. Hake, C., & Haydn, T. (1995). Stories or sources? Teaching History, January, 20- 22.
42. Hawkey, K. (1995). History Teaching and the Council of Europe. Teaching History, 78, 17-19.
43. Haydn, T., Arthur, J., & Hunt, M. (2001). Learning to teach history in the secondary school. Second edition. London: Routledge/Falmer.
44. Hey, D. (1996) The Oxford companion to local and family history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
45. Hoskins, W.G. (1984). Local history in england. London: Longman.
46. Hudson, P. (1999). Regional and local history: globalisation, postmodernism and the future. The Journal of Regional and Local Studies, 20(1): 5-24.
47. Husbands, C. (2000). What is history teaching? Buckingham: Open University Press.
48. IAAMSS. (The Incorporated Association of Assistant Masters in Secondary Schools). (1975). The teaching of history in secondary schools. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
49. Jamieson, A. (1971). Practical history teaching. London: Evans Brothers Limited.
50. Jones, G. (1981). Schooling the Local Historian. Teaching History, 1981(31): 7-9.
51. Jones, R.B. (1973). Introduction: the new history. In: Jones, R.B. (ed.) Practical Approaches to the New History. London: Hutchinson Educational.
52. Kaplan, V., Agmon, P., & Ermolaeva, L. (Eds.) (1999). The teaching of history in contemporary russia. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University.
53. Köstüklü, N. (1997). İngiltere’de tarih öğretimi üzerine bazı düşünceler ve Türkiye’deki tarih öğretimiyle ilgili karşılaştırmalı bir değerlendirme. Selçuk Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8, 1-22.
54. Lomas, T. (1988). The teaching of local history in schools. The Local Historian, 18(4):174-182.
55. Lowe, R. (1977). Local history in the school curriculum. The Local Historian, 12(5):223-228.
56. Mainstone, M., & Bryant, M. (1972). The use of museums and historical sites. In Burston, W.H., and Green, C.W. (ed.) Handbook for History Teachers (163-172) London: Methuen Educational Ltd.
57. Marwick, A. (1989). The nature of history. London: Macmillan.
58. MEB. (2005). Sosyal Bilgiler 6.-7. Sınıf Programı. Ankara: MEB Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
59. MEB. (2007). Tarih Dersi Öğretim Programı (9.sınıf). Ankara: MEB Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
60. Metcalf, F.D., & Downey, M.T. (1982). Local history in American education. The Local Historian, 15(4): 204-211.
61. Plymouth, J.H.B. (1933). The teaching of local history. History, XVIII (69):1-10.
62. Preston, G. (1969). The value of local history in the school curriculum. Teaching History, Volume 1: 87-91.
63. Rogers, A. (1977). Approaches to local history. New York: Longman.
64. Safran, M. & Ata, B. (1998). Okul dışı tarih öğretimi. G.Ü.G.E.F. Dergisi, 18 (1).
65. Safran, M. (2002). Orta öğretim kurumlarında tarih öğretiminin yapı ve sorunlarına ilişkin bir araştırma. Türk Yurdu, Mart, 22(175): 73-79.
66. Skipp, V.H.T. (1967). The Use of Local History in the Schools. In Finberg, H.P.R., and Skipp, V.H.T., Local History Objective and Pursuit. Newton Abbot: David and Charles Publishers Ltd., pp.103-127.
67. Slater, J. (1995) Teaching history in the New Europe. London: Cassell.
68. Stephens, W.B. (1977). Teaching local history. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
69. Stone, L. (1971). English and United States local history. Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Winter 1971:128-132.
70. Sylvester, D. (1994). Change and continuity in history teaching 1900-93. In: Bourdillon, H. (ed.) Teaching History, 9-23. London and New York: Routledge.