Araştırma Makalesi
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Social and Emotional Skills of Pre-School Children After Distance Learning From Teacher's Perspective

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 59 - 71, 29.04.2022

Öz

The preschool period includes sensitive years for the development of social and emotional skills. The acquisition of these skills begins in the family and continues systematically in schools. On the other hand, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, children have entered an emotionally challenging process and with the beginning of distance learning, they have been away from their social context. Therefore, skills that develop rapidly under the influence of socialization have been deprived of this support due to the intervening distance. The main purpose of this research is to examine the social and emotional skills of children from the perspective of the teacher when face-to-face learning is started again after the distance learning process in Turkey. In the research, teachers of children who attended kindergartens, who participated in distance learning and now continue face-to-face learning in the same class were studied. In the study, interviews were conducted with eight preschool teachers. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The results revealed that the distance learning context was evaluated by teachers as a context dominated by inefficiency and negative emotions due to reasons such as "not being able to concretize what was taught and compensate for the need for action". The face-to-face learning context, on the other hand, was evaluated by teachers as a structure in that positive emotions were experienced more frequently, effective time management was ensured, and productivity increased with immediate intervention in developing situations compared to distance learning. In addition, the findings show that negative behavioral changes such as children's difficulties in perceiving what is taught and following instructions, and difficulties in self-control were perceived by teachers. Teachers stated that they adapted to these changes by developing new regulations.

Kaynakça

  • Alisinanoğlu, F., Türksoy, E. & Karabulut, R. (2020). Pandemi Sürecinde Çocukluk Dönemi Korkuları. Uluslararası Beşerî Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi, 6 (14), 447-568.
  • Aral, N. & Kadan, G. (2021). Pandemi sürecinde okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin yaşadıkları problemlerin incelenmesi. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 99-114.
  • Bernard, K. & Dozier, M. (2010). Adoption and Foster Placement. Benson, J. B., & Haith, M. M. (Ed.) In Social and emotional development in infancy and early childhood, (pp 12-12). USA: Academic Press.
  • Bethell, C. D., Garner, A. S., Gombojav, N., Blackwell, C., Heller, L. & Mendelson, T. (2022). Social and relational health risks and common mental health problems among US children: The mitigating role of family resilience and connection to promote positive socioemotional and school-related outcomes. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 31(1), 45–70.
  • Bierman, K. L., Domitrovich, C. E., Nix, R. L., Gest, S. D. & Welsh, J. A., Gill, S. (2008). Promoting academic and social-emotional school readiness: The Head Start REDI program. Child Development, 79, 1802–1817.
  • Can, E. (2020). Coronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemisi ve pedagojik yansımaları: Türkiye’de açık ve uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 11-53.
  • Cantiani, C., Dondena, C., Capelli, E., Riboldi, E. M., Molteni, M. & Riva, V. (2021). Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on the emotional and behavioral profiles of preschool Italian children with and without familial risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain Sciences, 11(4), 477.
  • Chmiliar, l. (2010). Multiple-case designs. A. J. Mills, G. Eurepas & E. Wiebe (Eds.), In Encyclopedia of case study research (pp 582-583). USA: SAGE Publications.
  • Cordovil, R., Ribeiro, L., Moreira, M., Pombo, A., Rodrigues, L. P., Luz, C., ... & Lopes, F. (2021). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on preschool children and preschools in Portugal. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21, 492-499.
  • Courtney, D., Watson, P., Battaglia, M., Mulsant, B. H. & Szatmari, P. (2020). COVID-19 impacts on child and youth anxiety and depression: challenges and opportunities. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 65(10), 688-691.
  • Craig-Unkefer, L. A. & Kaiser, A. P. (2002). Improving the Social Communication Skills of At-Risk Preschool Children in a Play Context. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 22(1), 3–13.
  • Demir, S. & Kale, M. (2020). Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre, Covid-19 Küresel Salgını Döneminde Gerçekleştirilen Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecinin Değerlendirilmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(8), 3345-3370.
  • Denham, S. A. (1998). Emotional development in young children. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Denham, S. A., Blair, K. A., DeMulder, E., Levitas, J., Sawyer, K., Auerbach–Major, S. & Queenan, P. (2003). Preschool emotional competence: Pathway to social competence? Child Development, 74(1), 238-256.
  • Eyimaya, A. O. & Irmak, A. Y. (2021). Relationship between parenting practices and children's screen time during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 56, 24-29.
  • Goodman, A., Joshi, H., Nasim, B. & Tyler, C. (2015). Social and emotional skills in childhood and their long-term effects on adult life. Retrieved from http://www.eif.org.uk/ wp-content/uploads/2015/03/EIF-Strand-1-Report-FINAL1.pdf
  • Gray A. 1997. Constructivist teaching and learning. SSTA Research Centre Report, 97-07.
  • Hargie, O., Saunders, C. & Dickson, D. (1994). Social skills in interpersonal communication. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Humphries, M. L., Williams, B. V. & May, T. (2018). Early childhood teachers' perspectives on social-emotional competence and learning in urban classrooms. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 34(2), 157-179.
  • Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M. & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics, 221, 264.
  • Kennedy, P. L., Linwick, M. A. & Vercell, J. A. (2000). Improving Social and Emotional Skills through Cooperative Learning. Master’s Thesis. Saint Xavier University. Chicago.
  • Kılıç, N. (2020). Okul temelli psikolojik ilk yardım. Türkiye Klinikleri Pediatri Dergisi, 29(3), 159-167
  • Kingdon, Z. M. (2017). A qualıtatıve exploratıon of chıldren’s experıences of role-play ın two pack-away early chıldhood settıngs Doctoral dissertation, University of Plymouth.
  • Liu, X. (2011). Young children’s social skills development and academic achievement: Longitudinal analysis of developmental trajectories and environmental influences. Unpublished doctoral dissetation. State University of New York, Buffalo.
  • Lovari, D. & Charalambous, K. (2006). Comparison of results using ınformation and communication technology and conventional media in teaching and learning processes in preschool education. 9th Conference of the Cyprus Pedagogical Association, 495-506.
  • Marshall, C. & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research. Califormia: Sage publications.
  • Maxwell, J. A. (2018). Nitel araştırma tasarımı: Etkileşimli bir yaklaşım. (M.Çevikbaş, çev. ed). Ankara: Nobel
  • McLaughlin, T., Aspden, K. & Clarke, L. (2017). How do teachers support children’s social–emotional competence? Strategies for teachers. Early Childhood Folio, 21(2), 21-27. MEB (2013). Okul öncesi eğitim programı. Ankara: Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • Patton, Q. M. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. Mesut Butun & Selcuk Besir Demir (Trans. Eds.). Ankara: PegemA Publishing.
  • Phelps, C. & Sperry, L. L. (2020). Children and the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S73.
  • Piaget, J. (1977). The development of thought: Equilibration of cognitive structures. (A. Rosin, Trans). New York: The Viking Press.
  • Pujiastuti, S. I., Hartati, S. & Wang, J. (2022). Socioemotional Competencies of Indonesian Preschoolers: Comparisons between the Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic Periods and among DKI Jakarta, DI Yogyakarta and West Java Provinces. Early Education and Development, 1-16.
  • Saarni, C. (1990). Emotional competence. Ross Thompson (Ed.), In Nebraska symposium: Socioemotional development (pp. 115–161). Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press.
  • Samancı, O. & Uçan, Z. (2017). Çocuklarda sosyal beceri eğitimi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(1), 281-288.
  • Schmidt, S. J., Barblan, L. P., Lory, I. & Landolt, M. A. (2021). Age-related effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of children and adolescents. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1901407.).
  • Sharma, K., Papavlasopoulou, S. & Giannakos, M. (2019). Coding games and robots to enhance computational thinking: How collaboration and engagement moderate children’s attitudes?. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 21, 65-76.
  • Susilowati, I. H., Nugraha, S., Alimoeso, S. & Hasiholan, B. P. (2021). Screen time for preschool children: learning from home during the covıd-19 pandemic. Global Pediatric Health, 8, 1-6.
  • Tarkoçin, S., Alagöz, N. & Boğa, E. (2020). Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuklarının Pandemi Sürecinde (COVID-19) Davranış Değişiklikleri ve Farkındalık Düzeylerinin Anne Görüşlerine Başvurularak İncelenmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(6).
  • Toki, E. I. & Pange, J. (2010). E-learning activities for articulation in speech language therapy and learning for preschool children. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 4274-4278.
  • Tuzcuoğlu, N., Aydın, D. & Balaban, S. (2021). Pandemi döneminde okul öncesi dönem çocukları ve annelerinin psikososyal açıdan etkilenme durumunun anne görüşleri doğrultusunda incelenmesi. Temel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 1-13.
  • Visnjic-Jevtic, A., Nagy, A. V., Ozturk, G., Şahin-Sak, İ. T., Paz-Albo, J., Toran, M. & Sánchez-Pérez, N. (2021). Policies and practices of early childhood education and care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from five countries. Journal of Childhood, Education & Society, 2(2), 200-216.
  • Warnes, E. D., Sheridan, S. M., Geske, J. & Warnes, W. A. (2005). A contextual approach to the assessment of social skills: Identifying meaningful behaviors for social competence. Psychology in the Schools, 42(2), 173-187.
  • Webster-Stratton, C. & Reid, M. J. (2004). Strengthening social and emotional competence in young children—The foundation for early school readiness and success: Incredible years classroom social skills and problem-solving curriculum. Infants & Young Children, 17(2), 96-113.
  • Williams, C. A. (2011). Mentoring and social skills training: Ensuring better outcomes for youth in foster care. Child Welfare, 90(1), 59.
  • Yeasmin, S., Banik, R., Hossain, S., Hossain, M. N., Mahumud, R., Salma, N. & Hossain, M. M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Children and Youth Services Review, 117, 105277.
  • Yuwanto, L., Adi, C. M. P. & Budiman, A. F. (2017). Disaster education based on psychological first-aid for students: Increasing capacity dealing. US-China Education Review, 7(5), 255-260.
  • Yüksel, G. (2004). Sosyal beceri envanteri el kitabı. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Yürek, E. (2021). Okul öncesi eğitimde uzaktan eğitimin uygulanabilirliğine yönelik okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin ve alandaki akademisyenlerin görüşlerinin incelenmesi, Master's thesis, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Zins, J. E. & Elias, M. J. (2006). Social and emotional learning. G. G. Bear & K. M. Minke (Eds.), In Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention (pp. 1–13). Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.

Okul Öncesinde Uzaktan Eğitim Sonrası Öğretmen Gözünden Sosyal ve Duygusal Beceriler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 59 - 71, 29.04.2022

Öz

Okul öncesi dönem sosyal ve duygusal becerilerin geliştirilmesi için hassas yılları kapsamaktadır. Bu becerilerin kazanılması ailede başlayıp okullarda da sistemli şekilde devam etmektedir. Öte yandan COVID-19 pandemisinin başlamasıyla çocuklar duygusal açıdan zorlu bir sürece girmişler ve uzaktan eğitimin başlamasıyla da sosyal bağlamlarından uzak kalmışlardır. Dolayısıyla, sosyalleşme sayesinde hızlı bir şekilde gelişen bu becerilerin ortaya çıkması ve ilerlemesi için uygun ortam araya giren mesafeler nedeniyle zarar görmüştür. Bu nedenle söz konusu uzaklık sonrası yeniden yüz yüze eğitime geçildiğinde çocukların sosyal ve duygusal becerilerini öğretmen gözünden incelemek bu araştırmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada MEB’e bağlı anaokullarına devam eden, uzaktan eğitime katılmış ve sonrasında aynı sınıfta yüz yüze eğitimine devam eden çocukların öğretmenleri ile çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada sekiz okul öncesi öğretmeniyle görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar öğretmenlerin, uzaktan eğitim bağlamını etkinlikleri somutlaştıramama, çocukların hareket ihtiyacını karşılayamama gibi nedenlerle verimsizliğin ve olumsuz duyguların hâkim olduğu bir bağlam olarak değerlendirdiklerini göstermiştir. Öğretmenler yüz yüze eğitimi ise görece olumlu duyguların daha çok yaşandığı, etkili zaman yönetiminin, anında müdahalenin yapılabilmesiyle verimliliği yüksek bir bağlam olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Ayrıca sonuçlar, çocuklarda algılamada ve yönergeleri takip etmede zorlanmalar, kendini kontrol etmede güçlükler gibi davranış değişikliklerinin öğretmenlerce algılandığı yönündedir. Öğretmenler tüm bu değişikliklere, yeni düzenlemeler geliştirerek uyumlanmışlardır.

Kaynakça

  • Alisinanoğlu, F., Türksoy, E. & Karabulut, R. (2020). Pandemi Sürecinde Çocukluk Dönemi Korkuları. Uluslararası Beşerî Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi, 6 (14), 447-568.
  • Aral, N. & Kadan, G. (2021). Pandemi sürecinde okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin yaşadıkları problemlerin incelenmesi. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 99-114.
  • Bernard, K. & Dozier, M. (2010). Adoption and Foster Placement. Benson, J. B., & Haith, M. M. (Ed.) In Social and emotional development in infancy and early childhood, (pp 12-12). USA: Academic Press.
  • Bethell, C. D., Garner, A. S., Gombojav, N., Blackwell, C., Heller, L. & Mendelson, T. (2022). Social and relational health risks and common mental health problems among US children: The mitigating role of family resilience and connection to promote positive socioemotional and school-related outcomes. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 31(1), 45–70.
  • Bierman, K. L., Domitrovich, C. E., Nix, R. L., Gest, S. D. & Welsh, J. A., Gill, S. (2008). Promoting academic and social-emotional school readiness: The Head Start REDI program. Child Development, 79, 1802–1817.
  • Can, E. (2020). Coronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemisi ve pedagojik yansımaları: Türkiye’de açık ve uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 11-53.
  • Cantiani, C., Dondena, C., Capelli, E., Riboldi, E. M., Molteni, M. & Riva, V. (2021). Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on the emotional and behavioral profiles of preschool Italian children with and without familial risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain Sciences, 11(4), 477.
  • Chmiliar, l. (2010). Multiple-case designs. A. J. Mills, G. Eurepas & E. Wiebe (Eds.), In Encyclopedia of case study research (pp 582-583). USA: SAGE Publications.
  • Cordovil, R., Ribeiro, L., Moreira, M., Pombo, A., Rodrigues, L. P., Luz, C., ... & Lopes, F. (2021). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on preschool children and preschools in Portugal. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21, 492-499.
  • Courtney, D., Watson, P., Battaglia, M., Mulsant, B. H. & Szatmari, P. (2020). COVID-19 impacts on child and youth anxiety and depression: challenges and opportunities. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 65(10), 688-691.
  • Craig-Unkefer, L. A. & Kaiser, A. P. (2002). Improving the Social Communication Skills of At-Risk Preschool Children in a Play Context. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 22(1), 3–13.
  • Demir, S. & Kale, M. (2020). Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre, Covid-19 Küresel Salgını Döneminde Gerçekleştirilen Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecinin Değerlendirilmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(8), 3345-3370.
  • Denham, S. A. (1998). Emotional development in young children. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Denham, S. A., Blair, K. A., DeMulder, E., Levitas, J., Sawyer, K., Auerbach–Major, S. & Queenan, P. (2003). Preschool emotional competence: Pathway to social competence? Child Development, 74(1), 238-256.
  • Eyimaya, A. O. & Irmak, A. Y. (2021). Relationship between parenting practices and children's screen time during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 56, 24-29.
  • Goodman, A., Joshi, H., Nasim, B. & Tyler, C. (2015). Social and emotional skills in childhood and their long-term effects on adult life. Retrieved from http://www.eif.org.uk/ wp-content/uploads/2015/03/EIF-Strand-1-Report-FINAL1.pdf
  • Gray A. 1997. Constructivist teaching and learning. SSTA Research Centre Report, 97-07.
  • Hargie, O., Saunders, C. & Dickson, D. (1994). Social skills in interpersonal communication. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Humphries, M. L., Williams, B. V. & May, T. (2018). Early childhood teachers' perspectives on social-emotional competence and learning in urban classrooms. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 34(2), 157-179.
  • Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M. & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics, 221, 264.
  • Kennedy, P. L., Linwick, M. A. & Vercell, J. A. (2000). Improving Social and Emotional Skills through Cooperative Learning. Master’s Thesis. Saint Xavier University. Chicago.
  • Kılıç, N. (2020). Okul temelli psikolojik ilk yardım. Türkiye Klinikleri Pediatri Dergisi, 29(3), 159-167
  • Kingdon, Z. M. (2017). A qualıtatıve exploratıon of chıldren’s experıences of role-play ın two pack-away early chıldhood settıngs Doctoral dissertation, University of Plymouth.
  • Liu, X. (2011). Young children’s social skills development and academic achievement: Longitudinal analysis of developmental trajectories and environmental influences. Unpublished doctoral dissetation. State University of New York, Buffalo.
  • Lovari, D. & Charalambous, K. (2006). Comparison of results using ınformation and communication technology and conventional media in teaching and learning processes in preschool education. 9th Conference of the Cyprus Pedagogical Association, 495-506.
  • Marshall, C. & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research. Califormia: Sage publications.
  • Maxwell, J. A. (2018). Nitel araştırma tasarımı: Etkileşimli bir yaklaşım. (M.Çevikbaş, çev. ed). Ankara: Nobel
  • McLaughlin, T., Aspden, K. & Clarke, L. (2017). How do teachers support children’s social–emotional competence? Strategies for teachers. Early Childhood Folio, 21(2), 21-27. MEB (2013). Okul öncesi eğitim programı. Ankara: Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • Patton, Q. M. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. Mesut Butun & Selcuk Besir Demir (Trans. Eds.). Ankara: PegemA Publishing.
  • Phelps, C. & Sperry, L. L. (2020). Children and the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S73.
  • Piaget, J. (1977). The development of thought: Equilibration of cognitive structures. (A. Rosin, Trans). New York: The Viking Press.
  • Pujiastuti, S. I., Hartati, S. & Wang, J. (2022). Socioemotional Competencies of Indonesian Preschoolers: Comparisons between the Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic Periods and among DKI Jakarta, DI Yogyakarta and West Java Provinces. Early Education and Development, 1-16.
  • Saarni, C. (1990). Emotional competence. Ross Thompson (Ed.), In Nebraska symposium: Socioemotional development (pp. 115–161). Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press.
  • Samancı, O. & Uçan, Z. (2017). Çocuklarda sosyal beceri eğitimi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(1), 281-288.
  • Schmidt, S. J., Barblan, L. P., Lory, I. & Landolt, M. A. (2021). Age-related effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of children and adolescents. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1901407.).
  • Sharma, K., Papavlasopoulou, S. & Giannakos, M. (2019). Coding games and robots to enhance computational thinking: How collaboration and engagement moderate children’s attitudes?. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 21, 65-76.
  • Susilowati, I. H., Nugraha, S., Alimoeso, S. & Hasiholan, B. P. (2021). Screen time for preschool children: learning from home during the covıd-19 pandemic. Global Pediatric Health, 8, 1-6.
  • Tarkoçin, S., Alagöz, N. & Boğa, E. (2020). Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuklarının Pandemi Sürecinde (COVID-19) Davranış Değişiklikleri ve Farkındalık Düzeylerinin Anne Görüşlerine Başvurularak İncelenmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(6).
  • Toki, E. I. & Pange, J. (2010). E-learning activities for articulation in speech language therapy and learning for preschool children. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 4274-4278.
  • Tuzcuoğlu, N., Aydın, D. & Balaban, S. (2021). Pandemi döneminde okul öncesi dönem çocukları ve annelerinin psikososyal açıdan etkilenme durumunun anne görüşleri doğrultusunda incelenmesi. Temel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 1-13.
  • Visnjic-Jevtic, A., Nagy, A. V., Ozturk, G., Şahin-Sak, İ. T., Paz-Albo, J., Toran, M. & Sánchez-Pérez, N. (2021). Policies and practices of early childhood education and care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from five countries. Journal of Childhood, Education & Society, 2(2), 200-216.
  • Warnes, E. D., Sheridan, S. M., Geske, J. & Warnes, W. A. (2005). A contextual approach to the assessment of social skills: Identifying meaningful behaviors for social competence. Psychology in the Schools, 42(2), 173-187.
  • Webster-Stratton, C. & Reid, M. J. (2004). Strengthening social and emotional competence in young children—The foundation for early school readiness and success: Incredible years classroom social skills and problem-solving curriculum. Infants & Young Children, 17(2), 96-113.
  • Williams, C. A. (2011). Mentoring and social skills training: Ensuring better outcomes for youth in foster care. Child Welfare, 90(1), 59.
  • Yeasmin, S., Banik, R., Hossain, S., Hossain, M. N., Mahumud, R., Salma, N. & Hossain, M. M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Children and Youth Services Review, 117, 105277.
  • Yuwanto, L., Adi, C. M. P. & Budiman, A. F. (2017). Disaster education based on psychological first-aid for students: Increasing capacity dealing. US-China Education Review, 7(5), 255-260.
  • Yüksel, G. (2004). Sosyal beceri envanteri el kitabı. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Yürek, E. (2021). Okul öncesi eğitimde uzaktan eğitimin uygulanabilirliğine yönelik okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin ve alandaki akademisyenlerin görüşlerinin incelenmesi, Master's thesis, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Zins, J. E. & Elias, M. J. (2006). Social and emotional learning. G. G. Bear & K. M. Minke (Eds.), In Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention (pp. 1–13). Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Meltem Emen Parlatan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9372-4790

Pınar Gürler 0000-0002-2068-9234

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Emen Parlatan, M., & Gürler, P. (2022). Social and Emotional Skills of Pre-School Children After Distance Learning From Teacher’s Perspective. Eğitim Kuram Ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 59-71.