On Dokuzuncu ve Yirminci Yüzyıl Hind-Pakistan'ında Tasavvuf Akımları: Genel Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2015, , 213 - 241, 26.04.2016

Mehmet Atalay

https://doi.org/10.18403/emakalat.24481

Öz

Hindistanlı Nakşbendî sufi Cemaat Ali Şah’ın (vef. 1951) teşkil ettiği örnekten yola çıkarak bağımsızlık öncesi dönem itibarıyla Hind-Pakistan tasavvufundaki dönüşüm yönlerini vurgulayan bu makale; bu sufinin matbaayı, tren yolu ulaşımını ve örgütlü modern yapıları kullanımının nasıl olup da birçok çağdaş Hind-Pakistani sufilerce paylaşılan yeni bir dinamikler bütününü örneklediğini göstermeye çalışmaktadır. Bu örneklik, bağımsızlık sonrası hükümetlerin sufi türbe-külliyeleri kontrol etme ve ulus-devlet çıkarlarına yarayan resmi ve modernist bir tasavvuf versiyonu gündeme getirme amacı güden çabalarına zıt düşmektedir. Bağımsızlık öncesi dönemin –bu dünya ile kutsal/doğa ötesi arasında vesile teşkil eden– tasavvuf şeyhlerinin kişisel ve karizmatik otoritesi; tüzel sosyal hizmetler, tıbbi yardımlar ve seküler resmi eğitim ile yer değiştirmiş olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hind-Pakistan Tasavvufu, Hind-Pakistan Nakşbendîliği, Cemaat Ali Şah

CURRENTS OF SUFISM IN NINETEENTH- AND TWENTIETH-CENTURY INDO-PAKISTAN: AN OVERVIEW

Öz

Using a case study of the Indian Naqshbandi Jama‘at ‘Ali Shah (d. 1951) to highlight transformations in pre-independence Indo-Pakistani sufism, this article demonstrates how his use of print media, railway transportation, and modern organizational structures models a new set of dynamics shared by many modern Indo-Pakistani sufis. This contrasts with post-independence government efforts to control sufi shrines and put forward an official, modernist version of sufism that benefits the interests of the nation-state. The personal, charismatic authority of the pre-independence sufi shaykh who was a mediator between this world and the sacred/supernatural became replaced by impersonal bureaucratic social services, medical assistance, and secular government education.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Indo-Pakistani Sufism, Indo-Pakistani Naqshbandiyyah, Jama‘at ‘Ali Shah

Kaynakça

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