Effects of the Teacher Discursive Moves on the Students’ Reasoning Qualities in the context of Science Teaching: Discourse Analysis Approach

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 994 - 1032, 31.07.2019

Yılmaz Soysal

Öz

The basic purpose of the current study is to delve into the influences of the teacher discursive moves on the student-led cognitive contributions as in the form of reasoning quality by virtue of classroom discourse analysis approach. An experienced elementary science teacher and his 32, fifth grade students were the participants. In-class implementations were conducted through argument-based inquiry science teaching approach. The analysis of video-based data was carried out by means of systematic observations as a branch of sociocultural discourse analysis. Through data-based and theory-laden coding catalogues types of the enacted teacher-led discursive moves and student-led cognitive contributions as their reasoning qualities were coded analytically. Each teacher-led move and student-led cognitive contribution were counted, then, proportionally compared in order to determine the relations between discourse and cognition. Teacher-led moves were gathered under 10 higher categories. These were knowledge providing and evaluating moves, observing-comparing-predicting moves, communicating moves, monitoring moves, evaluating-critiquing-judging moves, challenging moves, seeking for evidencing moves, labelling-naming moves, inferencing moves and ensuring mutual respect moves. The knowledge providing and evaluating moves were negatively influencing on the student-led cognitive contributions, and since the observing-comparing-predicting moves were required less cognitive from the side of the learners, these moves were not functional in augmenting the cognitive contributions. Communicating and monitoring moves facilitated prior conditions for improving the student-led cognitive contributions. Evaluating-critiquing-judging and challenging moves held more concrete and visible effects in enhancing the cognitive contributions. Based on these, several recommendations were offered for the sake of the professional development of science teachers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Discursive moves, reasoning quality, classroom discourse, cognitive contribution, teacher education, science education

Fen Öğretiminde Öğretmenin Söylemsel Hamlelerinin Öğrenenlerin Akıl Yürütme Kalitelerine Etkisi: Söylem Analizi Yaklaşımı

Öz

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı bir fen öğretmeninin sınıf içi gerçekleştirdiği söylemsel (öğretimsel, pedagojik) hamlelerin öğrenenlerin ders esnasında yaptıkları bilişsel katkılara (akıl yürütme kalitesi olarak) etkisinin söylem analizi yaklaşımı ile araştırılmasıdır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları bir fen öğretmeni ve 32, 5. sınıf öğrencisidir. Sınıf içi uygulamalar argümantasyon-tabanlı fen öğretimi yaklaşımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Video temelli verilerin analizi sosyokültürel söylem analizinin bir kolu olan sistematik gözlem ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Belirli kataloglar aracılığıyla, öğretmenin sergilediği söylemsel hamle tipleri ve öğrenen bilişsel katkıları olarak akıl yürütme kaliteleri analitik olarak kodlanmıştır. Her bir söylemsel hamle ve bilişsel katkı sayılmış, uygulamalar arasında söylem-biliş ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi için oranları karşılaştırılmıştır. Söylemsel hamlelerin işlevleri 10 kategori altında toplanmıştır. Bunlar bilgi sağlayıcı & değerlendirmeci hamleler, gözle-karşılaştır-tahmin et hamleleri, iletişimsel hamleler, izleme hamleleri, değerlendir-yargıla-eleştir hamleleri, çeldirme hamleleri, delillendirme hamleleri, isimlendirme hamleleri, çıkarımda bulunma hamleleri ve karşılıklı saygıyı sağlama hamleleridir. Bilgi sağlayıcı & değerlendirmeci hamleler öğrenenlerin bilişsel katkılarını olumsuz etkilemiş, gözle-karşılaştır-tahmin et hamleleri ise düşük bilişsel talep gerektirdiğinden öğrenenlerin bilişsel katkılarını artırma noktasında etkili olamamıştır. İletişimsel ve izleme hamleleri bilişsel katkıların artması için ön koşulları sağlamıştır. Öğrenenlerin bilişsel katkılarını en somut ve görülür şekilde değerlendir-yargıla-eleştir ve çeldirme hamleleri etkilemiştir. Fen öğretmenlerinin mesleki gelişimleri için çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Söylemsel hamleler, akıl yürütme kalitesi, sınıf söylemi, bilişsel katkı, öğretmen eğitimi, fen eğitimi

Kaynakça

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