BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The future of endoscopic ultrasound: Interventional and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasonography

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 84 - 93, 01.08.2009

Öz

In the early 1980s, endoscopic ultrasound was an imaging modality. After the development of linear endoscopic ultrasound scopes in the 1990s, utilization of fine needle aspiration techniques allowed tissue to be obtained for cytopathologic diagnosis. With the development of larger working channel endoscopic ultrasound scopes and new accessories, interventional and therapeutic procedures under endoscopic ultrasound guidance have been introduced. These procedures can be listed as hepaticogastrostomy and choledochoduodenostomy, drainage of pancreatic fluid collection, ablation of pancreatic neoplastic cysts, celiac plexus neurolysis, pancreatic canal drainage, and tumor ablation. The purpose of this article is to provide information on the potential future use of endoscopic ultrasound for interventional and therapeutic procedures. The routine indications of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound -guided fine needle aspiration techniques are beyond the scope of this article.

Kaynakça

  • Fogel EL, Sherman S, Devereaux BM, Lehman GA. Therapeutic biliary endoscopy. Endoscopy 2001;33:31-8.
  • Carr-Locke DL. Overview of the role of ERCP in the management of di- seases of the biliary tract and the pancreas. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56(6 Suppl):S157-60.
  • Covey AM, Brown KT. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2008;11:14-20.
  • Smith AC, Dowsett JF, Russell RC, et al. Randomised trial of endoscopic stenting versus surgical bypass in malignant low bileduct obstruction. Lancet 1994;344:1655-60.
  • Van Delden OM, Lameris JS. Percutaneous drainage and stenting for pal- liation of malignant bile duct obstruction. Eur Radiol 2008;18:448-56.
  • Lesurtel M, Dehni N, Tiret E, et al. Palliative surgery for unresectable pancreatic and periampullary cancer: a reappraisal. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10:286-91.
  • Sohn TA. Lillemoe KD. Cameron JL. Huang JJ. Pitt HA. Yeo CJ. Surgical palliation of unresectable periampullary adenocarcinoma in the 1990s. J Am Coll Surg 1999;188:658-6.
  • Soulez G, Gagner M, Therasse E, et al. Malignant biliary obstruction: preliminary results of palliative treatment with hepaticogastrostomy un- der fluoroscopic, endoscopic, and laparoscopic guidance. Radiology 1994;192:241-6.
  • Kahaleh M, Hernandez AJ, Tokar J, et al. Interventional EUS-guided cholangiography: evaluation of a technique in evolution. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:52-9.
  • Burmester E, Niehaus J, Leineweber T, Huetteroth T. EUS-cholangio- drainage of the bile duct: report of 4 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:246-51.
  • Will U. Thieme A. Fueldner F. Gerlach R. Wanzar I. Meyer F. Treatment of biliary obstruction in selected patients by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided transluminal biliary drainage. Endoscopy 2007;39:292-5.
  • Giovannini M, Dotti M, Bories E, et al. Hepaticogastrostomy by echo-en- doscopy as a palliative treatment in a patient with metastatic biliary obs- truction. Endoscopy 2003;35:1076-8.
  • Artifon EL, Chaves DM, Ishioka S, et al. Echoguided hepatico-gastros- tomy: a case report. Clinics 2007;62:799-802.
  • Bories E, Pesenti C, Caillol F, et al. Transgastric endoscopic ultrasonog- raphy-guided biliary drainage: results of a pilot study. Endoscopy
  • Giovannini M, Moutardier V, Pesenti C, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound- guided bilioduodenal anastomosis: a new technique for biliary drainage. Endoscopy 2001;33:898-900.
  • Puspok A, Lomoschitz F, Dejaco C, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided therapy of benign and malignant biliary obstruction: a case series. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1743-7.
  • Ang TL, Teo EK, Fock KM. EUS-guided transduodenal biliary drainage in unresectable pancreatic cancer with obstructive jaundice. JOP 2007;8:438-43.
  • Yamao K, Sawaki A, Takahashi K, et al. EUS-guided choledochoduode- nostomy for palliative biliary drainage in case of papillary obstruction: report of 2 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:663-7.
  • Fujita N, Noda Y, Kobayashi G, et al. Histological changes at an endoso- nography-guided biliary drainage site: a case report. World J Gastroen- terol 2007;13:5512-5.
  • Yamao K, Bhatia V, Mizuno N, et al. EUS-guided choledochoduodenos- tomy for palliative biliary drainage in patients with malignant biliary obstruction: results of long-term follow-up. Endoscopy 2008;40:340-2.
  • Tarantino I, Barresi L, Repici A, Traina M. EUS-guided biliary drainage: a case series. Endoscopy 2008;40:336-9.
  • Bhattacharya D, Ammori BJ. Minimally invasive approaches to the ma- nagement of pancreatic pseudocysts: review of the literature. Surg Lapa- rosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2003;13:141-8.
  • Rau B, Bothe A, Beger HG. Surgical treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis by necrosectomy and closed lavage: changing patient characteristics and outcome in a 19-year, single-center series. Surgery 2005;138:28-39.
  • Rodriguez JR, Razo AO, Targarona J, et al. Debridement and closed pac- king for sterile or infected necrotizing pancreatitis: insights into indica- tions and outcomes in 167 patients. Ann Surg 2008;247:294-9.
  • Takeda K, Matsuno S, Sunamura M, Kobari M. Surgical aspects and ma- nagement of acute necrotizing pancreatitis: recent results of a cooperati- ve national survey in Japan. Pancreas 1998;16:316-22.
  • Bradley EL 3rd, Howard TJ, van Sonnenberg E, Fotoohi M. Intervention in necrotizing pancreatitis: an evidence-based review of surgical and per- cutaneous alternatives. J Gastrointest Surg 2008;12:634-9.
  • Fockens P, Johnson TG, van Dullemen HM, et al. Endosonographic ima- ging of pancreatic pseudocysts before endoscopic transmural drainage. Gastrointest Endosc 1997;46:412-6.
  • Seifert H, Wehrmann T, Schmitt T, et al. Retroperitoneal endoscopic debridement for infected peripancreatic necrosis. Lancet 2000;356:653- 5.
  • Baron TH, Harewood GC, Morgan DE, Yates MR. Outcome differences after endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis, acute pancreatic pseu- docysts, and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:7-17.
  • Charnley RM, Lochan R, Gray H, et al. Endoscopic necrosectomy as pri- mary therapy in the management of infected pancreatic necrosis. Endos- copy 2006;38:925-8.
  • Lopes CV, Pesenti C, Bories E, et al. Endoscopic-ultrasound-guided en- doscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and abscesses. Scand J Gastroenterol 2007;42:524-9.
  • Weckman L, Kylanpaa ML, Puolakkainen P, Halttunen J. Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. Surg Endosc. 2006;20:603-7. Epub 2006 Jan 19.
  • Hookey LC, Debroux S, Delhaye M, et al. Endoscopic drainage of pan- creatic-fluid collections in 116 patients: a comparison of etiologies, dra- inage techniques, and outcomes. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:635-43.
  • Giovannini M, Pesenti C, Rolland AL, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-gui- ded drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts or pancreatic abscesses using a therapeutic echo endoscope. Endoscopy 2001;33:473-7.
  • Vosoghi M, Sial S, Garrett B, et al. EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage: review and experience at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. Med- genmed 2002;4:2.
  • Varadarajulu S, Lopes TL, Wilcox CM, et al. EUS versus surgical cyst- gastrostomy for management of pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest En- dosc 2008;68:649-55.
  • Kahaleh M, Shami VM, Conaway MR, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound dra- inage of pancreatic pseudocyst: a prospective comparison with conven- tional endoscopic drainage. Endoscopy 2006;38:355-9.
  • Varadarajulu S, Christein JD, Tamhane A, et al. Prospective randomized trial comparing EUS and EGD for transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;68:1102-11.
  • Gan SI, Thompson CC, Lauwers GY, et al. Ethanol lavage of pancreatic cystic lesions: initial pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:746-52.
  • DeWitt J, McGreevy K, Schmidt CM, et al. Ethanol Pancreatic Injection of Cysts (EPIC): preliminary results of a prospective multicenter, rando- mized, double blinded study [abstract]. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:AB106.
  • Oh HC, Seo DW, Lee TY, et al.New treatment for cystic tumors of the pancreas: EUS-guided ethanol lavage with paclitaxel injection. Gastroin- test Endosc 2008;67:636-42.
  • Levy MJ, Topazian MD, Wiersema MJ, et al. Initial evaluation of the ef- ficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided direct Ganglia neu- rolysis and block. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:98-103.
  • Gunaratnam NT, Sarma AV, Norton ID, Wiersema MJ. A prospective study of EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis for pancreatic cancer pain. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;54:316-24.
  • Gress F, Schmitt C, Sherman S, et al. A prospective randomized compa- rison of endoscopic ultrasound- and computed tomography-guided ce- liac plexus block for managing chronic pancreatitis pain. Am J Gastroen- terol 1999;94:900-5.
  • Gress F, Schmitt C, Sherman S. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block for managing abdominal pain associated with chronic pan- creatitis: a prospective single center experience. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:409-16.
  • Gleeson FC, Levy MJ, Papachristou GI, et al. Frequency of visualization of presumed celiac ganglia by endoscopic ultrasound. Endoscopy 2007;39:620-4.
  • Giovannini M, Bories E, Moutardier V, et al. Drainage of deep pelvic abs- cesses using therapeutic echo endoscopy. Endoscopy 2003;35:511-4.
  • Varadarajulu S, Drelichman ER. EUS-guided drainage of pelvic abscess. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;66:372-6.
  • Trevino JM, Drelichman ER, Varadarajulu S. Modified technique for EUS-guided drainage of pelvic abscess. Gastrointest Endosc
  • Delhaye M, Arvanitakis M, Verset G, et al. Long-term clinical outcome after endoscopic pancreatic ductal drainage for patients with painful chronic pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:1096-106.
  • Rosch T, Daniel S, Scholz M, et al. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Group. Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreati- tis: a multicenter study of 1000 patients with long-term follow-up. En- doscopy 2002;34:765-71.
  • Tessier G, Bories E, Arvanitakis M, et al. EUS-guided pancreatogastros- tomy and pancreatobulbostomy for the treatment of pain in patients with pancreatic ductal dilatation inaccessible for transpapillary endosco- pic therapy. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:233-41.
  • Kahaleh M, Hernandez AJ, Tokar J, et al. EUS-guided pancreaticogas- trostomy: analysis of its efficacy to drain inaccessible pancreatic ducts. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:224-30.
  • Will U, Fueldner F, Thieme AK, et al. Transgastric pancreatography and EUS-guided drainage of the pancreatic duct. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2007;14:377-82. Epub 2007 Jul 30.
  • Mallery S, Matlock J, Freeman ML. EUS-guided rendezvous drainage of obstructed biliary and pancreatic ducts: Report of 6 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:100-7.
  • Pishvaian AC, Collins B, Gagnon G, et al. EUS-guided fiducial placement for CyberKnife radiotherapy of mediastinal and abdominal malignanci- es. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:412-7.
  • Yan BM, Schellenberg D, Koong AC, Van Dam J. EUS guided gold fidu- cial insertion for image guided radiation therapy of pancreatic cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67:AB225.
  • Sun S, Qingjie L, Qiyong G, et al. EUS-guided interstitial brachytherapy of the pancreas: a feasibility study. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62:775-9.
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Endoskopik ultrasonografinin geleceği: Girişimsel ve tedavi edici endoskopik ultrasonografi

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 84 - 93, 01.08.2009

Öz

Endoskopik ultrason 1980'lerin başında sadece görüntüleme için geliştirilen bir teknoloji iken, 1990'larda lineer endoskopik ultrason skoplarının geliştirilmesiyle ince iğne aspirasyon biyopsisi alarak doku teşhisi koymakta kullanı lmaya başlandı. Endoskopik ultrason skoplarının kanal çaplarının artmasıyla ve yeni geliştirilen aksesuar aletlerle endoskopik ultrason kılavuzluğunda girişimsel ve tedavi edici işlemlerin önü açıldı. Günümüzde bu işlemlerin bir kısmı hala araştırma ve geliştirme evresinde olmasına rağmen bir kısmı rutin klinik pratiğimizde uygulanmaya başlandı. Endoskopik ultrason kılavuzluğunda yapılan girişimsel ve tedavi edici işlemler: hepatikogastrostomi ve koledokoduodenostomi, pankreatik sıvı koleksiyonlarının drenajı, pankreatik neoplastik kist ablasyonu, çölyak pleksus nörolizi, pankreatik kanal drenajı ve tümör tedavileri olarak sıralanabilinir. Bu makalede endoskopik ultrasonografinin gelecekte potansiyel kullanım alanları olabilecek girişimsel ve tedavi edici endoskopik ultrason teknikleri ve araştırmaları incelenip, okurlara yeni geliştirilen endosonografik teknikler hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlandı. Rutin endoskopik ultrason ve endoskopik ultrason kılavuzluğunda ince iğne aspirasyon teknikleri ve endikasyonları bu makalenin amaçları dışında kalmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Fogel EL, Sherman S, Devereaux BM, Lehman GA. Therapeutic biliary endoscopy. Endoscopy 2001;33:31-8.
  • Carr-Locke DL. Overview of the role of ERCP in the management of di- seases of the biliary tract and the pancreas. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56(6 Suppl):S157-60.
  • Covey AM, Brown KT. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2008;11:14-20.
  • Smith AC, Dowsett JF, Russell RC, et al. Randomised trial of endoscopic stenting versus surgical bypass in malignant low bileduct obstruction. Lancet 1994;344:1655-60.
  • Van Delden OM, Lameris JS. Percutaneous drainage and stenting for pal- liation of malignant bile duct obstruction. Eur Radiol 2008;18:448-56.
  • Lesurtel M, Dehni N, Tiret E, et al. Palliative surgery for unresectable pancreatic and periampullary cancer: a reappraisal. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10:286-91.
  • Sohn TA. Lillemoe KD. Cameron JL. Huang JJ. Pitt HA. Yeo CJ. Surgical palliation of unresectable periampullary adenocarcinoma in the 1990s. J Am Coll Surg 1999;188:658-6.
  • Soulez G, Gagner M, Therasse E, et al. Malignant biliary obstruction: preliminary results of palliative treatment with hepaticogastrostomy un- der fluoroscopic, endoscopic, and laparoscopic guidance. Radiology 1994;192:241-6.
  • Kahaleh M, Hernandez AJ, Tokar J, et al. Interventional EUS-guided cholangiography: evaluation of a technique in evolution. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:52-9.
  • Burmester E, Niehaus J, Leineweber T, Huetteroth T. EUS-cholangio- drainage of the bile duct: report of 4 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:246-51.
  • Will U. Thieme A. Fueldner F. Gerlach R. Wanzar I. Meyer F. Treatment of biliary obstruction in selected patients by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided transluminal biliary drainage. Endoscopy 2007;39:292-5.
  • Giovannini M, Dotti M, Bories E, et al. Hepaticogastrostomy by echo-en- doscopy as a palliative treatment in a patient with metastatic biliary obs- truction. Endoscopy 2003;35:1076-8.
  • Artifon EL, Chaves DM, Ishioka S, et al. Echoguided hepatico-gastros- tomy: a case report. Clinics 2007;62:799-802.
  • Bories E, Pesenti C, Caillol F, et al. Transgastric endoscopic ultrasonog- raphy-guided biliary drainage: results of a pilot study. Endoscopy
  • Giovannini M, Moutardier V, Pesenti C, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound- guided bilioduodenal anastomosis: a new technique for biliary drainage. Endoscopy 2001;33:898-900.
  • Puspok A, Lomoschitz F, Dejaco C, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided therapy of benign and malignant biliary obstruction: a case series. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1743-7.
  • Ang TL, Teo EK, Fock KM. EUS-guided transduodenal biliary drainage in unresectable pancreatic cancer with obstructive jaundice. JOP 2007;8:438-43.
  • Yamao K, Sawaki A, Takahashi K, et al. EUS-guided choledochoduode- nostomy for palliative biliary drainage in case of papillary obstruction: report of 2 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:663-7.
  • Fujita N, Noda Y, Kobayashi G, et al. Histological changes at an endoso- nography-guided biliary drainage site: a case report. World J Gastroen- terol 2007;13:5512-5.
  • Yamao K, Bhatia V, Mizuno N, et al. EUS-guided choledochoduodenos- tomy for palliative biliary drainage in patients with malignant biliary obstruction: results of long-term follow-up. Endoscopy 2008;40:340-2.
  • Tarantino I, Barresi L, Repici A, Traina M. EUS-guided biliary drainage: a case series. Endoscopy 2008;40:336-9.
  • Bhattacharya D, Ammori BJ. Minimally invasive approaches to the ma- nagement of pancreatic pseudocysts: review of the literature. Surg Lapa- rosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2003;13:141-8.
  • Rau B, Bothe A, Beger HG. Surgical treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis by necrosectomy and closed lavage: changing patient characteristics and outcome in a 19-year, single-center series. Surgery 2005;138:28-39.
  • Rodriguez JR, Razo AO, Targarona J, et al. Debridement and closed pac- king for sterile or infected necrotizing pancreatitis: insights into indica- tions and outcomes in 167 patients. Ann Surg 2008;247:294-9.
  • Takeda K, Matsuno S, Sunamura M, Kobari M. Surgical aspects and ma- nagement of acute necrotizing pancreatitis: recent results of a cooperati- ve national survey in Japan. Pancreas 1998;16:316-22.
  • Bradley EL 3rd, Howard TJ, van Sonnenberg E, Fotoohi M. Intervention in necrotizing pancreatitis: an evidence-based review of surgical and per- cutaneous alternatives. J Gastrointest Surg 2008;12:634-9.
  • Fockens P, Johnson TG, van Dullemen HM, et al. Endosonographic ima- ging of pancreatic pseudocysts before endoscopic transmural drainage. Gastrointest Endosc 1997;46:412-6.
  • Seifert H, Wehrmann T, Schmitt T, et al. Retroperitoneal endoscopic debridement for infected peripancreatic necrosis. Lancet 2000;356:653- 5.
  • Baron TH, Harewood GC, Morgan DE, Yates MR. Outcome differences after endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis, acute pancreatic pseu- docysts, and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:7-17.
  • Charnley RM, Lochan R, Gray H, et al. Endoscopic necrosectomy as pri- mary therapy in the management of infected pancreatic necrosis. Endos- copy 2006;38:925-8.
  • Lopes CV, Pesenti C, Bories E, et al. Endoscopic-ultrasound-guided en- doscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and abscesses. Scand J Gastroenterol 2007;42:524-9.
  • Weckman L, Kylanpaa ML, Puolakkainen P, Halttunen J. Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. Surg Endosc. 2006;20:603-7. Epub 2006 Jan 19.
  • Hookey LC, Debroux S, Delhaye M, et al. Endoscopic drainage of pan- creatic-fluid collections in 116 patients: a comparison of etiologies, dra- inage techniques, and outcomes. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:635-43.
  • Giovannini M, Pesenti C, Rolland AL, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-gui- ded drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts or pancreatic abscesses using a therapeutic echo endoscope. Endoscopy 2001;33:473-7.
  • Vosoghi M, Sial S, Garrett B, et al. EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage: review and experience at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. Med- genmed 2002;4:2.
  • Varadarajulu S, Lopes TL, Wilcox CM, et al. EUS versus surgical cyst- gastrostomy for management of pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest En- dosc 2008;68:649-55.
  • Kahaleh M, Shami VM, Conaway MR, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound dra- inage of pancreatic pseudocyst: a prospective comparison with conven- tional endoscopic drainage. Endoscopy 2006;38:355-9.
  • Varadarajulu S, Christein JD, Tamhane A, et al. Prospective randomized trial comparing EUS and EGD for transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;68:1102-11.
  • Gan SI, Thompson CC, Lauwers GY, et al. Ethanol lavage of pancreatic cystic lesions: initial pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:746-52.
  • DeWitt J, McGreevy K, Schmidt CM, et al. Ethanol Pancreatic Injection of Cysts (EPIC): preliminary results of a prospective multicenter, rando- mized, double blinded study [abstract]. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:AB106.
  • Oh HC, Seo DW, Lee TY, et al.New treatment for cystic tumors of the pancreas: EUS-guided ethanol lavage with paclitaxel injection. Gastroin- test Endosc 2008;67:636-42.
  • Levy MJ, Topazian MD, Wiersema MJ, et al. Initial evaluation of the ef- ficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided direct Ganglia neu- rolysis and block. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:98-103.
  • Gunaratnam NT, Sarma AV, Norton ID, Wiersema MJ. A prospective study of EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis for pancreatic cancer pain. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;54:316-24.
  • Gress F, Schmitt C, Sherman S, et al. A prospective randomized compa- rison of endoscopic ultrasound- and computed tomography-guided ce- liac plexus block for managing chronic pancreatitis pain. Am J Gastroen- terol 1999;94:900-5.
  • Gress F, Schmitt C, Sherman S. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block for managing abdominal pain associated with chronic pan- creatitis: a prospective single center experience. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:409-16.
  • Gleeson FC, Levy MJ, Papachristou GI, et al. Frequency of visualization of presumed celiac ganglia by endoscopic ultrasound. Endoscopy 2007;39:620-4.
  • Giovannini M, Bories E, Moutardier V, et al. Drainage of deep pelvic abs- cesses using therapeutic echo endoscopy. Endoscopy 2003;35:511-4.
  • Varadarajulu S, Drelichman ER. EUS-guided drainage of pelvic abscess. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;66:372-6.
  • Trevino JM, Drelichman ER, Varadarajulu S. Modified technique for EUS-guided drainage of pelvic abscess. Gastrointest Endosc
  • Delhaye M, Arvanitakis M, Verset G, et al. Long-term clinical outcome after endoscopic pancreatic ductal drainage for patients with painful chronic pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:1096-106.
  • Rosch T, Daniel S, Scholz M, et al. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Group. Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreati- tis: a multicenter study of 1000 patients with long-term follow-up. En- doscopy 2002;34:765-71.
  • Tessier G, Bories E, Arvanitakis M, et al. EUS-guided pancreatogastros- tomy and pancreatobulbostomy for the treatment of pain in patients with pancreatic ductal dilatation inaccessible for transpapillary endosco- pic therapy. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:233-41.
  • Kahaleh M, Hernandez AJ, Tokar J, et al. EUS-guided pancreaticogas- trostomy: analysis of its efficacy to drain inaccessible pancreatic ducts. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:224-30.
  • Will U, Fueldner F, Thieme AK, et al. Transgastric pancreatography and EUS-guided drainage of the pancreatic duct. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2007;14:377-82. Epub 2007 Jul 30.
  • Mallery S, Matlock J, Freeman ML. EUS-guided rendezvous drainage of obstructed biliary and pancreatic ducts: Report of 6 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:100-7.
  • Pishvaian AC, Collins B, Gagnon G, et al. EUS-guided fiducial placement for CyberKnife radiotherapy of mediastinal and abdominal malignanci- es. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:412-7.
  • Yan BM, Schellenberg D, Koong AC, Van Dam J. EUS guided gold fidu- cial insertion for image guided radiation therapy of pancreatic cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67:AB225.
  • Sun S, Qingjie L, Qiyong G, et al. EUS-guided interstitial brachytherapy of the pancreas: a feasibility study. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62:775-9.
  • Lah JJ, Kuo JV, Chang KJ, Nguyen PT. EUS-guided brachytherapy. Gas- trointest Endosc 2005;62:805-8.
  • Martinez-Monge R, Subtil JC, Lopez-Picazo JM. Transoesophageal en- doscopic-ultrasonography-guided 125I permanent brachytherapy for unresectable mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Lancet Oncol 2006;7:781- 3.
  • Jin Z, Du Y, Li Z, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided interstitial implantation of iodine 125-seeds combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma: a prospective pilot study. Endoscopy 2008;40:314-20.
  • Sun S, Xu H, Xin J, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided interstitial brachytherapy of unresectable pancreatic cancer: results of a pilot trial. Endoscopy 2006;38:399-403.
  • Chan HH, Nishioka NS, Mino M, et al. EUS-guided photodynamic the- rapy of the pancreas: a pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:95-9.
  • Yusuf TE, Matthes K, Brugge WR. EUS-guided photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for ablation of normal pancreatic tissue: a pilot study in a porcine model. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67:957-61.
  • Goldberg SN, Mallery S, Gazelle GS, Brugge WR. EUS-guided radiofre- quency ablation in the pancreas: results in a porcine model. Gastrointest Endosc 1999;50:392-401.
  • Mulvihill S, Warren R, Venook A, et al. Safety and feasibility of injection with an E1B-55 kDa gene-deleted, replication-selective adenovirus (ONYX-015) into primary carcinomas of the pancreas: a phase I trial. Gene Therapy 2001;8:308-15.
  • Chang KJ, Nguyen PT, Thompson JA, et al. Phase I clinical trial of allo- geneic mixed lymphocyte culture (cytoimplant) delivered by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle injection in patients with advanced pan- creatic carcinoma. Cancer 2000;88:1325-35.
  • Hecht JR, Bedford R, Abbruzzese JL, et al. A phase I/II trial of intratumo- ral endoscopic ultrasound injection of ONYX-015 with intravenous gemcitabine in unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:555-61.
  • Chang KJ, Lee JG, Holcombe RF, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound delivery of an antitumor agent to treat a case of pancreatic cancer. Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;5:107-11. Nat Clin
  • Chang KJ, Senzer N, Chung T, et al. A novel gene transfer therapy aga- inst pancreatic cancer (TNFerade) delivered by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and percutaneous guided fine needle injection (FNI). Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:92.
  • Farrell JJ, Senzer N, Hecht JR, et al. Long-term data for endoscopic ul- trasound (EUS) and percutanous (PTA) guided intratumoral TNFerade gene delivery combined with chemoradiation in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:AB93.
  • Chang KJ, Senzer N, Swisher S, et al. Multi-center clinical trial using en- doscopy (END) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine needle in- jection (FNI) of anti-tumor agent (TNFerade™) in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:AB83.
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tan Attila Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Attila, T. (2009). Endoskopik ultrasonografinin geleceği: Girişimsel ve tedavi edici endoskopik ultrasonografi. Endoskopi Gastrointestinal, 17(2), 84-93.
AMA Attila T. Endoskopik ultrasonografinin geleceği: Girişimsel ve tedavi edici endoskopik ultrasonografi. Endoskopi Gastrointestinal. Ağustos 2009;17(2):84-93.
Chicago Attila, Tan. “Endoskopik Ultrasonografinin geleceği: Girişimsel Ve Tedavi Edici Endoskopik Ultrasonografi”. Endoskopi Gastrointestinal 17, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2009): 84-93.
EndNote Attila T (01 Ağustos 2009) Endoskopik ultrasonografinin geleceği: Girişimsel ve tedavi edici endoskopik ultrasonografi. Endoskopi Gastrointestinal 17 2 84–93.
IEEE T. Attila, “Endoskopik ultrasonografinin geleceği: Girişimsel ve tedavi edici endoskopik ultrasonografi”, Endoskopi Gastrointestinal, c. 17, sy. 2, ss. 84–93, 2009.
ISNAD Attila, Tan. “Endoskopik Ultrasonografinin geleceği: Girişimsel Ve Tedavi Edici Endoskopik Ultrasonografi”. Endoskopi Gastrointestinal 17/2 (Ağustos 2009), 84-93.
JAMA Attila T. Endoskopik ultrasonografinin geleceği: Girişimsel ve tedavi edici endoskopik ultrasonografi. Endoskopi Gastrointestinal. 2009;17:84–93.
MLA Attila, Tan. “Endoskopik Ultrasonografinin geleceği: Girişimsel Ve Tedavi Edici Endoskopik Ultrasonografi”. Endoskopi Gastrointestinal, c. 17, sy. 2, 2009, ss. 84-93.
Vancouver Attila T. Endoskopik ultrasonografinin geleceği: Girişimsel ve tedavi edici endoskopik ultrasonografi. Endoskopi Gastrointestinal. 2009;17(2):84-93.