Abundance patterns of predatory bugs, Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and their some insect preys on winter faba bean with different planting dates in Adana province, Turkey

Abstract

Population densities of predatory bugs, Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and their insects preys on faba bean were investigated in Adana province of Turkey in two growing seasons, 2007/08 and 2008/09. Faba bean was planted on 10 October, 25 October, 10 December and on 25 December. Insect species were sampled by beating the plants vigorously into a white plastic container. Leafhopper complex species [Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) and Empoasca decipiens Paoli] (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and pea aphid, Acrytosiphum pisum (Haris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were more abundant insect in late plantings in December. Orius spp. [Orius niger (Wolff) ve Orius laevigatus (Fieber)] were the main predacious insects. Orius spp. were significantly more abundant on the early-planted beans in January-February, but later, Orius adults moved to late- planted plots, especially plots planted on 10 December when plants were bearing high numbers of flowers at that period. Although significant and positive relationships between Orius spp. and aphid populations were detected only in plots with the latest planting date, but this relationship had no more contribution to abundance of Orius spp. It is commented that Orius spp. benefited more from the faba bean plants for plant meal, shelter, mating and ovipositon sites than from insect prey species. Finally, it would better to cultivate faba bean in late October (preferentially, on 25 October) in the eastern Mediterranean region conditions, due to plants having low abundance of main pests and high abundance of the predators, and also high numbers of fruiting parts.

Keywords

• Faba bean
• harmful insects
• predatory insects
• Orius spp.
• planting date

Adana ilinde farklı tarihlerde ekilen kışlık bakla bitkisinde avcı Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) ve bazı avlarının yoğunlukları

Öz

Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) ve avlarının, farklı tarihlerde ekilen bakladaki populasyon yoğunlukları Adana ilinde 2007/08 ve 2008/09 yıllarında incelenmiştir. Bakla 2007 yılında 10, 25 Ekim; 2008 yılında ise 10 ve 25 Kasım tarihlerinde ekilmiştir. Böcekler, bitkilerin beyaz renkli kap içersine silkelenmesiyle toplanmıştır. Bezelye yaprakbiti, [Acrytosiphum pisum (Haris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) ve karmaşık yaprakpireleri [Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) and Empoasca decipiens Paoli] (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) kasım ayında geç ekilen parsellerdeki bitkilerde yüksek bollukta bulunmuşlardır. Örnekleme süresince ana predator türler olarak Orius spp. [Orius niger (Wolff) ve Orius laevigatus (Fieber)] kaydedilmiştir. Orius spp. ocak-şubat aylarında, erken ekilen parsellerdeki bitkilerde yüksek yoğunlukta bulunmuş, fakat daha sonraları geç ekilen parsellere özellikle, bu dönemde çiçek sayısının daha yüksek olduğu 3. tarihte (10 Kasım) ekilen parsellere geçmişlerdir. Önemli ve pozitif ilişki Orius spp. ve yaprakbiti populasyonları arasında görülmüş olup, sadece en geç ekilen parsellerde saptanmıştır. Ancak, bu ilişkinin Orius populasyon yoğunluğu üzerine önemli katkısı olmamıştır. Orius türlerinin böcek avlarından ziyade, bitkilerden besin, korunma, çiftleşme ve yumurta bırakmaya amacıyla daha fazla yararlandığı kanaatine varılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi koşullarında bakla ekiminin, bitkilerin daha düşük yoğunlukta zararlı böcek ve daha yüksek sayıda ise avcı böcek barındırdığı ve ayrıca daha yüksek sayıda meyve organına sahip olduğu ekim ayının sonlarında (tercihen 25 Ekim) yapılması önerilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bakla
• zararlı böcekler
• avcı böcekler
• Oriusspp. ekim tarihi

Kaynakça

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