Bazı baharat ekstraktlarının Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae)’ya karşı nematisidal potansiyellerinin araştırılması

Öz

On üç baharattan elde edilen sulu ekstraktların Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) üzerine nematicidal etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü Nematoloji Laboratuvarı ve seralarında, 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında denemeler yürütülmüştür. Laboratuvar çalışmalarında ekstraktların 3 farklı konsantrasyonunun (%0.5, 1, 2) yumurta açılımı, ikinci dönem larvaların (J2) hareketi ve canlılığına etkileri araştırılmıştır. J2’lerin hareketi ve canlılığına en fazla etkiyi %2’lik konsantrasyonda karanfil, Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) sağlamıştır. Genel olarak ekstraktların yumurta açılıma etkisi, larvalara olandan fazladır. Laboratuvar denemeleri sonucunda etkili bulunan 5 baharat ekstraktı saksı denemeleri için seçilmiştir. Ekstraktların %2 konsantrasyonları 3000 nematod yumurtası bulaştırılmış 200 g toprağa uygulanmış, sonrasında hassas domates fideleri şaşırtılmıştır. Nematod bulaştırılmasından 45 gün sonra, kök başına yumurta sayısı ve ur skalası bulunmuş, üreme faktörü hesaplanmıştır. Kimyon, Cuminum cyminum L. (Apiales: Apiaceae) hariç ekstraktların tamamı, ur skalası ve üreme faktöründe kontrole kıyasla azalmaya neden olmuştur. Nematodun üremesini en fazla azaltan baharat fesleğen, Ocimium basilium L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) olmuş onu zerdeçal, Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) ve karanfil izlemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yumurta açılımı engelleme
• J2 hareket
• J2 ölüm
• nematisidal etki
• baharat ekstraktı

Screening of the nematicidal potential of some spice extracts against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae)

Abstract

Experiments were conducted in the laboratories and greenhouses of Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the nematicidal effects of aqueous extracts of 13 spices on Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae). Spice extract concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2% were tested in laboratory experiments for inhibition of egg hatching, mortality and immobility of second-stage juveniles (J2s). When used at a concentration of 2%, clove, Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) caused the greatest immobility and mortality of J2s. The extracts had a lesser effect on J2s than the egg hatching. For the pot experiment, five effective spices extracts were selected based on the laboratory experiments. These extracts were applied at 2% to 200 g of soil inoculated with 3,000 nematode eggs then susceptible tomato seedlings were transplanted into the soil. Forty-five days after inoculation, the gall index and the quantity of nematode eggs on roots were determined and reproduction factor of nematode calculated. All extracts, except cumin, Cuminum cyminum L. (Apiales: Apiaceae), reduced root gall index and the reproduction factor when compared to control. Basil, Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) extract reduced nematode reproduction the greatest degree, followed by turmeric, Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) and clove extracts.

Keywords

• Egg hatching inhibition
• J2 mobility
• J2 mortality
• nematicidal effect
• spice extract

Kaynakça

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