Azadirachtine maruz kalan Achroia grisella (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvalarında ölüm oranı, gelişim biyolojisi ve hücresel bağışıklık tepkileri

Öz

Neem ağaçlarından elde edilen Azadirachtin, direnç sorunu olmayan ve tarımsal zararlıların kontrolü için sentetik pestisitlere güçlü bir alternatif oluşturmaktadır. Küçük mum güvesi Achroia grisella (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’da ölüm, gelişim biyolojisi ve hücresel bağışıklık göstergeleri üzerindeki azadirachtin kaynaklı etkiler değerlendirilmiştir. Denemeler kontrollü laboratuvar ortamında Balıkesir Üniversitesi’nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Azadirachtinin topikal uygulamasına bağlı olarak LD50 0.02 mg/ml bulunurken, PD50 (pupa dönemine geçmeden ölümler) 0.05 mg/ml olarak tespit edildi. 0.05 mg/ml ve 0.1 mg/ml'de larva dönemi ve ergin çıkış süresi, önemli ölçüde artarken, pupa dönemindeki uzama sadece 0.1 mg/ml'de önemli bulunmuştur. Ergin çıkış oranları ve ergin yaşam süresi, kullanılan tüm dozlarda azalmıştır. Azadirachtinin topikal uygulaması, uygulamadan 24 ve 48 saat sonra dolaşımdaki hemosit sayılarında ve hemosit yayılma davranışında önemli bir azalmaya neden olurken, plazmatosit ve granülosit sayılarındaki varyasyonlar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Achroia grisella ile mücadelede azadirachtinin potansiyel etkileri olmakla birlikte, agroekosistemlerde güvenli kullanımının önerilmesi için parazitoitler ve predatörler gibi biyolojik kontrol ajanları üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Achroia grisella
• azadirachtin
• hemosit sayısı
• toksisite

Mortality, developmental biology and cellular immunity in Achroia grisella (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae exposed to azadirachtin

Öz

Azadirachtin, obtained from neem trees, can be a robust alternative to synthetic pesticides for the control of agricultural pests with no resistance problems. Azadirachtin-induced influences on mortality, life history traits and cellular immunity indicators of the lesser wax moth Achroia grisella (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were evaluated. The experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions at Balıkesir University. The topical application of azadirachtin gave an LD50 of 0.02 mg/ml whereas the PD50 (deaths without pupation) was 0.05 mg/ml. The prolongation of the larval stage and adult emergence time was significantly increased at 0.05 mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml while the duration of the pupal stage was only significant at 0.1 mg/ml. Adult emergence ratios and longevity were reduced at all doses. Topical application of azadirachtin caused a marked decrease in the number of circulating hemocyte counts and spreading ability 24 and 48 h after treatment, however, the variations in plasmatocyte and granulocyte counts were not significant. Although azadirachtin has potential effects in the control of A. grisella, its effects on biological control agents such as parasitoids and predators must be determined to recommend its safe use in agroecosystems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Achroia grisella
• azadirachtin
• hemocyte count
• toxicity

Kaynakça

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