Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae)’un entomopatojen bakteriler ile enfekte böcek kadavralarına tepkisinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Xenorhabdus Thomas & Poinar (Enterobacteriales: Morganellaceae) ve Photorhabdus Thomas & Poinar (Enterobacteriales: Morganellaceae) cinslerine ait bakteriler sırasıyla Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) ve Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) cinslerine ait enotomopatojen nematodlarla mutualistik ilişki içerisindedirler. Bu bakterilerin nematodla enfekte kadavraları rekabetçi organizmalardan korumak amacıyla pek çok sekonder metabolit ürettiği bilinmektedir. Bu sekonder metabolitlerden bir tanesi olan yağmacı uzaklaştırıcı faktörün farklı eklembacaklı, kuş ve balık türlerine karşı uzaklaştırıcı etki gösterdiği bilinmektedir. 2019-2020 yılları arasında Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi’nde yürütülen bu çalışmada farklı Xenorhabdus ve Photorhabdus türleri ile enfekte kadavraların Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae)’a karşı uzaklaştırıcı etkisi tek ya da ikili besin tercihi deneyleri ile test edilmiştir. Ratlara bakteriler ile enfekte edilmiş 4 günlük enfekte Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) kadavraları verilmiş ve ratların beslenme davranışları gözlemlenerek kaydedilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda bazı Xenorhabdus ve Photorhabdus türleri ile enfekte kadavraların ratlara karşı uzaklaştırıcı etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu etkinin büyük olasılıkla larvalarda oluşan kötü tattan kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Ekolojik olarak, veriler entomopatojen nematod/bakteri kompleksinin doğada böceklerle beslenen memelilerin saldırılarına karşı korunabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Photorhabdus
• yağmacı uzaklaştırıcı faktör
• Xenorhabdus

Response of Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae) to entomopathogenic bacteria infected insect cadavers

Abstract

Xenorhabdus Thomas & Poinar (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) and Photorhabdus Thomas & Poinar (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) bacteria are mutualistically associated with Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) nematodes, respectively, and are known to produce several secondary metabolites that protect nematode-killed insects from different competitors. One of these compounds called “the scavenger deterrent factor” (SDF) is known to deter different arthropod, bird, and fish species from feeding on insects killed by Xenorhabdus or Photorhabdus bacteria. The effects of SDF from five different Xenorhabdus and one Photorhabdus species against the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae) were investigated using either a one-choice or two-choice experimental design during 2019-2020 in Aydın Adnan Menderes University. Rats were given four-day-old bacteria-killed Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae and feeding behavior was observed and recorded. The results demonstrate that the Norway rat is deterred from feeding on insects killed by certain Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species and it is likely due to the distastefulness of these cadavers. Ecologically, the data suggest that insects killed by the entomopathogenic nematode/bacterium complex in nature may be protected from attack from insectivorous mammals, especially those that feed on soil-dwelling insects.

Keywords

• Photorhabdus
• scavenger deterrent factor
• Xenorhabdus

Kaynakça

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