Çukurova Bölgesi (Türkiye) pamuk alanlarında Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae)’nin insektisit direncinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma ile, Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) popülasyonlarının Çukurova bölgesinde (Türkiye) Adana ilinde pamuk alanlarında kullanılan dimethoate, λ-cyhalothrin ve chlorpyrifos-ethyl’e karşı direnç seviyelerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. 2020 ile 2021 yılları arasında 16 koordinattan elde edilen popülasyonlar üzerinde bioassay, biyokimyasal ve moleküler yöntemler uygulanmıştır. Yaprak daldırma metodu ile ayırıcı doz çalışmaları yapılarak 16 popülasyon incelenmiş ve Toktamış popülasyonu hassas popülasyon olarak belirlenmiştir. Hassas popülasyona göre, dört popülasyonun dimethoate'a ve bir popülasyon chlorpyrifos-ethyl’e karşı direnci düşük seviye (DD) kategorisindedir. Yalnızca iki popülasyonun chlorpyrifos-ethyl'e karşı direnci orta seviye (OD) direnç kategorisindedir. Diğer popülasyonların direnç oranlarının hassas (D) seviye kategorisinde kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Dirençli popülasyonların, biyokimyasal analizlerde daha yüksek asetilkolinesteraz, glutatyon-S transferaz ve sitokrom P450 monooksigenaz enzim aktivitelerine sahip oldukları gözlenmiştir. Karboksilesteraz gen ifadesi seviyeleri dirençli popülasyonlarda daha yüksektir. S431F ve Kdr (knockdown) mutasyonları, organofosforlu ve piretroit insektisitlere karşı etkili olan PCR-RLFP yöntemi ile belirlenmiş olup, popülasyonlarda sırasıyla %17 ve %100 oranında baskın alellere rastlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada dimethoate ve chlorpyrifos-ethyl'e karşı biyokimyasal ve mutasyon kaynaklı direnç olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, bölgede A. gossypii’ye karşı direnç yönetimi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinde katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aphis gossypii
• direnç
• insektisit
• Türkiye
• organikfosfatlılar
• piretroit

Insecticide resistance of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in cotton fields in Çukurova Region (Türkiye)

Abstract

This study aimed to reveal resistance levels of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations against dimethoate, λ-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos-ethyl used in cotton fields in Adana province in Çukurova Region (Türkiye). Bioassay, biochemical and molecular methods were used to determine resistance on the populations collected from 16 locations between 2020 and 2021. Six populations were resistant according to the susceptible Toktamış population with leaf dip discriminating dose bioassays. Compared to the susceptible population, four populations were found at decreased susceptibility (DS) resistance levels to dimethoate and one population to chlorpyrifos-ethyl. Only two populations resistance ratio were detected in MR (Moderate resistance) category to chlorpyrifos-ethyl. Resistance levels of other populations were observed as S (susceptible) category. Resistant populations had higher acetylcholinesterase, glutathione-S transferase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzyme activities in biochemical analysis. The carboxylesterase gene transcription levels were higher in resistant populations. S431F and Kdr (knockdown) mutation were determined by the PCR-RLFP method, which is effective in organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides resistance and 17% and 100% recessive alleles were detected in populations. The biochemical and mutation-induced resistance to dimethoate and chlorpyrifos-ethyl was detected. These results will contribute to developing strategies for resistance management of A. gossypii.

Keywords

• Aphis gossypii
• insecticide
• resistance
• Türkiye
• organophosphate
• pyrethroid

Kaynakça

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