The role of drought in the efficacy of some entomopathogenic nematodes

Yıl 2024, , 103 - 110, 18.03.2024

Alper Susurluk , Alperen Kaan Bütüner

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1425615

Cited By: 3

Öz

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are endoparasitic organisms commonly used in the control of agricultural pests. There are several factors that determine the efficacy of EPNs on hosts, with one of the most significant being soil moisture. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of some EPNs on hosts at different doses and under different soil moisture conditions. The study utilized 1 Hybrid Strain and 3 EPN isolates, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955 TUR-S4 isolate, and Steinernema feltiae Weiser, 1955 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) TUR-S3 and S-Bilecik isolates. These species were applied to Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae at 5, 10, and 15 Infective Juveniles (IJs) doses, under 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13% soil moisture conditions. The study was conducted in 2024 at Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Nematology Laboratory. As a result, the highest mortality rates on T. molitor larvae were obtained at 13% soil moisture with 15 IJs, 100% for HBH, 93.33% for TUR-S4, 86.67% for TUR-S3, and 83.33% for S-Bilecik. This study carries important implications for understanding the relationship between EPN efficacy on hosts and soil moisture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, soil moisture, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye)

Proje Numarası

Grant Project No: 219O370

Teşekkür

This study was financially supported by by the TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye), Project Number: 219O370. We would like to thank Asst. Prof. Dr. Tufan Can Ulu for the S-Bilecik isolate. Also, we would like to extent our heartfelt thanks to Osman Nuri Yaraşir and Eren Ergene for their technical support.

Bazı entomopatojen nematodların etkinliğinde kuraklığın rolü

Öz

Entomopatojen nematodlar (EPN) tarım zararlıları ile mücadelede yaygın kullanılan endoparazitik organizmalardır. EPN’lerin konukçular üzerinde etkinliğini belirleyen birçok faktör vardır. En önemlilerinden biri ise toprak nemi olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı dozlarda ve farklı toprak nemlerinde EPN’lerin konukçular üzerinde oluşturduğu etkinliği belirlemektir. Çalışmada 1 Hibrit Irk ve 3 EPN izolatı kullanılmıştır. Bunlar, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hibrit ırkı, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955 TUR-S4 izolatı ve Steinernema feltiae Weiser, 1955 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) TUR-S3 ve S-Bilecik izolatlarıdır. Bu türler Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvaları üzerine 5, 10 ve 15 Infektif Juvenil (IJ) dozunda, 1, 4, 7, 10 ve 13% toprak neminde uygulanmıştır. Çalışma, 2024 yılında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Nematoloji Laboratuvarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak T. molitor larvaları üzerinde görülen en yüksek ölüm oranları %13 toprak neminde 15 IJ’ de HBH için %100, TUR-S4 için 93.33% TUR-S3 için 86.67% ve S-Bilecik için 83.33% şeklinde elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, EPN'nin konukçu üzerindeki etkinliğinin, toprak nemi ile ilişkisinin belirlenmesi açısından önemli sonuçlar taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, toprak nemi, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae

Proje Numarası

Grant Project No: 219O370

Kaynakça

• Baker, B. P., T. A. Green & A. J. Loker, 2020. Biological control and integrated pest management in organic and conventional systems. Biological Control, 140 (1): 104095.
• Boemare, N., C. Laumond & H. Mauleon, 1996. The entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex: biology, life cycle and vertebrate safety. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6 (3): 333-346.
• Bütüner, A. K. & I. A. Susurluk, 2023. Efficiency of temperature and storage duration on some morphological measurements and reproductive capacity of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)’s Turkish HBH hybrid strain. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47 (4): 469-476.
• Bütüner, A. K., M. İlktan & I. A. Susurluk, 2023. Effects of storage temperature on viability and virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955 and Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47 (3): 247-257.
• Dede E., A. K. Bütüner & I. A. Susurluk, 2022. Biocontrol potential of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain against the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis L., 1761 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 (4): 399-405.
• Dix, I., A. M. Burnell, C. T. Griffin, S. A. Joyce, M. J. Nugent & M. J. Downes, 1992. The identification of biological species in the genus Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) by cross-breeding second-generation amphimictic adults. Parasitology, 104 (3): 509-518.
• Ehlers, R. U., 2001. Mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes for plant protection. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 56 (5-6): 623-633.
• Erdoğan, H., H. Ünal, İ. A. Susurluk & E. E. Lewis, 2023. Precision application of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora as a biological control agent through the Nemabot. Crop Protection, 174 (12): 106429.
• Ewence, A., S. Brescia, I. Johnson & P. C. Rumsby, 2015. An approach to the identification and regulation of endocrine disrupting pesticides. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 78 (4): 214-220.
• Garba, I. I., G. R. Stirling, A. M. Stirling & A. Williams, 2024. Cover crop functional types alter soil nematode community composition and structure in dryland crop-fallow rotations. Applied Soil Ecology, 194 (2): 105196.
• Gerhardson, B., 2002. Biological substitutes for pesticides. Trends in Biotechnology, 20 (8): 338-343. Glazer, I., 1996. Survival mechanisms of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6 (3): 373-378.
• Grant, J. A. & M. G. Villani, 2003. Soil moisture effects on entomopathogenic nematodes. Environmental Entomology, 32 (1): 80-87.
• Koppenhöfer, A. M. & E. M. Fuzy, 2007. Soil moisture effects on infectivity and persistence of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema scarabaei, S. glaseri, Heterorhabditis zealandica, and H. bacteriophora. Applied Soil Ecology, 35 (1): 128-139.
• Koppenhöfer, A. M., P. S. Grewal & E. M. Fuzy, 2007. Differences in penetration routes and establishment rates of four entomopathogenic nematode species into four white grub species. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 94 (3): 184-195.
• Koppenhöfer, A. M., D. I. Shapiro-Ilan & I. Hiltpold, 2020. Entomopathogenic nematodes in sustainable food production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4: 125 (1-14).
• Langford, E. A., U. N. Nielsen, S. N. Johnson & M. Riegler, 2014. Susceptibility of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to entomopathogenic nematodes. Biological Control, 69 (2): 34-39.
• Lewis, E. E., J. Campbell, C. Griffin, H. Kaya & A. Peters, 2006. Behavioral ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biological Control, 38 (1): 66-79.
• Marchand, P. A., 2023. EU Chemical Plant Protection Products in 2023: Current State and Perspectives. Agrochemicals, 2 (1): 106-117.
• Molyneux, A. S. & R. A. Bedding, 1984. Influence of soil texture and moisture on the infectivity of Heterorhabditis sp. D1 and Steinernema glaseri for larvae of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. Nematologica, 30 (3): 358-365.
• Morales-Ramos, J. A., S. Kay, M. G. Rojas, D. I. Shapiro-Ilan & W. L. Tedders, 2015. Morphometric analysis of instar variation in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 108 (2): 146-159.
• Nouh, G. M., 2022. Effect of temperature and soil moisture on the efficacy of indigenous and imported strains of the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis sp. against the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera/ Noctuidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 32 (1): 1-7.
• Radová, S. & Z. Trnková, 2010. Effect of soil temperature and moisture on the pathogenicity of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Journal of Agrobiology, 27 (1): 1-7.
• Rakubu, I. L., A. Katumanyane & B. P. Hurley, 2024. Host-foraging strategies of five local entomopathogenic nematode species in South Africa. Crop Protection, 176 (2): 106525.
• Robin, D. C. & P. A. Marchand, 2019. Evolution of the biocontrol active substances in the framework of the European Pesticide Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009. Pest Management Science, 75 (4): 950-958.
• Rohde, C., A. Moino Jr, M. A. da Silva, F. D. Carvalho & C. S. Ferreira, 2010. Influence of soil temperature and moisture on the infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae) against larvae of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)(Diptera: Tephritidae). Neotropical Entomology, 39 (4): 608-611.
• Ruan, W. B., D. Shapiro-Ilan, E. E. Lewis, F. Kaplan, H. Alborn, X. H. Gu & P. Schliekelman, 2018. Movement patterns in entomopathogenic nematodes: continuous vs. temporal. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 151 (1): 137-143.
• Salame, L. & I. Glazer, 2015. Stress avoidance: vertical movement of entomopathogenic nematodes in response to soil moisture gradient. Phytoparasitica, 43 (5): 647-655.
• Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., D. H. Gouge, S. J. Piggott & J. P. Fife, 2006a. Application technology and environmental considerations for use of entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. Biological Control, 38 (1): 124-133.
• Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., T. E. Cottrell, I. Brown, W. A. Gardner, R. K. Hubbard & B. W. Wood, 2006b. Effect of soil moisture and a surfactant on entomopathogenic nematode suppression of the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae. Journal of Nematology, 38 (4): 474-482.
• Stevens, G., H. Erdogan, E. Pimentel, J. Dotson, A. Stevens, D. Shapiro-Ilan, F. Kaplan, P. Schliekelman & E. Lewis, 2023. Group joining behaviours in the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema glaseri. Biological Control, 181 (5): 105220.
• Stock, S. P., 1998. Steinernema siamkayai n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), an entomopathogenic nematode from Thailand. Systematic Parasitology, 41 (2): 105-113.
• Stock, S. P., C. T. Griffin & A. M. Burnell, 2002. Morphological characterisation of three isolates of Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 from the Irish group'(Nematoda: Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and additional evidence supporting their recognition as a distinct species, H. downesi n. sp. Systematic Parasitology, 51 (2): 95-106.
• Stuart, R. J., M. E. Barbercheck, P. S. Grewal, R. A. Taylor & C. W. Hoy, 2006. Population biology of entomopathogenic nematodes: concepts, issues, and models. Biological Control, 38 (1): 80-102.
• Susurluk, I. A. & R. U. Ehlers, 2008. Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops. BioControl, 53 (4): 627-641.
• Susurluk, I. A., 2008. Influence of temperature on the vertical movement of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae (TUR-S3) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TUR-H2), and infectivity of the moving nematodes. Nematology, 10 (1): 137-141.
• Susurluk, I. A., T. C. Ulu & Y. Kongu, 2013. Tolerances of hybridized entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) strains to heat and desiccation. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 37 (2): 221-228.
• Toth, S., S. Toepfer, M. Szalai & J. Kiss, 2022. Limited influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the efficacy of soil insecticides and entomopathogenic nematodes when managing the maize pest Diabrotica virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Agronomy, 12 (11): 2697.
• Ulu, T. C. & H. Erdoğan, 2023. Field application of encapsulated entomopathogenic nematodes using a precision planter. Biological Control, 182 (6): 105240.
• Ulu, T. C. & I. A. Susurluk, 2014. Heat and desiccation tolerances of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains and relationships between their tolerances and some bioecological characteristics. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 11 (1): 4-10.
• Ulu, T. C. & I. A. Susurluk, 2024. In vitro liquid culture production and post-production pathogenicity of the hybrid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH strain. Crop Protection, 175 (1): 106443.
• Yadav, A. K. & Lalramliana, 2012. Soil moisture effects on the activity of three entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) isolated from Meghalaya, India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 36 (1): 94-98.