Tropikal tarım ekosistemlerinde arpacık soğanı gerçek tohumlarının canlılığında böcek tozlayıcılarının rolünün değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Polen transferi, tropik tarımsal ekosistemlerde tohum üretimini artırmak için özellikle arpacık soğanı tozlaşması ve böcek tozlaştırıcılar üzerine sınırlı araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Bu çalışma, böcek tozlaştırıcıların Endonezya'nın Batu ve Malang Bölgelerinde tropik tarımsal ekosistemlerde arpacık soğanı tohum üretimini nasıl optimize ettiğini değerlendirmiştir. Bu çalışma Haziran-Ekim 2023 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tozlaştırıcı çeşitliliğini, beslenme davranışlarını ve çiçeklenme dönemi boyunca baskın böcek tozlaştırıcıların etkinliğini, ayrıca ziyaret eden böceklerin beslenme ve ziyaret desenlerini incelenmiştir. Ziyaret oranlarını dört farklı uygulamada karşılaştırarak tozlaştırıcı etkinliğini değerlendirilmiştir. Arpacık soğanı çiçeklerini ziyaret eden, üç gruba ait toplamda 21 böcek türü tespit edildi ve bu türlerin 14'ünün potansiyel tozlaştırıcı olabileceği belirlenmiştir. Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) ve Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) potansiyel olarak etkili tozlaştırıcılar olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Hava sıcaklığı, çiçeklenme döneminde tozlaştırıcı aktivitesini önemli ölçüde etkiledi. Tozlaştırıcı verimliliğinin değerlendirilmesi, A. cerana'nın gerçek arpacık soğanı tohumu üretimini teşvik etmede L. sericata'dan daha verimli olduğunu ve yüksek kaliteli tozlaşmayı sağlamakta önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermiştir. Bu durum, arpacık soğanı tohum üretimi için tozlaştırıcıların özel sorumluluklarını anlamanın gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Allium cepa var. agregatum
• çapraz tozlaşma
• böcek tozlaştırıcı
• tropikal tarımsal ekosistem
• arpacık tohumu

Evaluating the role of insect pollinators in the viability of true seeds of shallot in tropical agroecosystems

Abstract

Pollen transfer in tropical agroecosystems to increase seed production has received limited research, notably on shallot pollination and insect pollinators. This study evaluated how insect pollinators optimize shallot seed production in tropical agroecosystems, i.e. Batu and Malang Districts in Indonesia. This study was conducted from June to October in 2023. We examined pollinator diversity, foraging behavior, and the effectiveness of dominating insect pollinators during umbel flower anthesis, as well as visiting insect foraging and visiting patterns. We assessed pollinator effectiveness by comparing visitation rates under four treatments. A total of 21 insect species belonging to three orders visited the shallot flowers, of which 14 species have the potential to act as pollinators. Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) emerged as potentially effective pollinators. Air temperature significantly influenced pollinator activity in visiting anthesis umbels. Evaluations of pollinator efficiency showed that A. cerana was more efficient than L. sericata in promoting the production of true shallot seed and has a significant role in ensuring high-quality pollination. This highlights the necessity of comprehending the specialized contributions of pollinators for shallot seed production.

Keywords

• Allium cepa var. aggregatum
• cross pollination
• insect pollinator
• tropical agroecosystem
• true shallot seed

Kaynakça

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