Abundance and diversity of natural enemies of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) on different host trees in forest habitats

Abstract

Forests are ecosystems with high biological diversity, where various groups of organisms live. In the province of Isparta, during the years 2019-2020, systematic sampling in forest areas yielded data on aphids and their natural enemies. The tree species studied included [Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe., Pinus brutia Ten., Cedrus libani A. Rich., Abies cilicica (Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière (Pinaceae), Juniperus spp. (Cupressaceae), Quercus spp. (Fagaceae), and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Leguminosae)]. The study identified 34 aphid species and 42 natural enemy species across 14 host tree species. The distribution of these species among orders was as follows: 54% Coleoptera, 15% Neuroptera, 13% Hemiptera, 13% Hymenoptera, 3% Diptera, and 3% Raphidioptera. The most abundant natural enemy species were Oenopia lyncea (Olivier, 1808) (19.0%), Harmonia quadripunctata (Pontoppidan, 1763) (11.3%), and Adalia decempunctata (L., 1758) (9.2%) in 2019 and H. quadripunctata (14.3%), Coccinula quatuordecimguttata (L., 1758) (12.5%), and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) and Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant, 1850) (8.9%) in 2020. The tree species with the highest number of aphid species were P. nigra (15 species) and C. libani (13 species). In total, 123 interactions were identified among the 34 aphid species and 42 natural enemy species across 14 host tree species, representing tri-trophic levels.

Keywords

• Forest trees
• predator
• parasitoid
• sap-sucker pest

Orman habitatlarında farklı ağaç türlerindeki yaprak bitlerinin (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) doğal düşmanlarının bolluk ve çeşitliliği

Öz

Ormanlar, çeşitli canlı gruplarının yaşadığı ve biyolojik çeşitliliğin yüksek olduğu ekosistemlerdir. Isparta ilinde 2019-2020 yıllarında orman alanlarında [Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe., Pinus brutia Ten., Cedrus libani A. Rich., Abies cilicica (Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière (Pinaceae), Juniperus spp. (Cupressaceae), Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) ve Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Leguminosae)] sistematik örnekleme ile yaprak biti ve doğal düşman türleri elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada 14 konukçu ağaç türünde 34 yaprak biti türü ve 42 doğal düşman türü bulunmuştur. Türlerin takımlara göre dağılımı %54’ü Coleoptera, %15’i Neuroptera, %13’ü Hemiptera, %13’ü Hymenoptera, %3’ü Diptera ve %3’ü Raphidioptera şeklindedir. Doğal düşmanlardan en fazla bireye sahip olan türler 2019 yılında Oenopia lyncea (Olivier, 1808) (%19,0), Harmonia quadripunctata (Pontoppidan, 1763) (%11,3) ve Adalia decempunctata (L., 1758) (%9,2), 2020 yılında ise H. quadripunctata (%14,3), Coccinula quatuordecimguttata (L., 1758) (%12,5), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) ve Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant, 1850) (%8,9) olmuştur. Tür sayısı en fazla P. nigra (15 tür) ve C. libani’de (13 tür) görülmüştür. Çalışmada 14 konukçu ağaç türünde 34 yaprak biti türü 42 doğal düşman türü ile bu türler arasında üçlü trofik düzeyde 123 etkileşim tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Orman ağacı
• predatör
• parazitoit
• öz suyu zararlısı

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