Optimization of a Bacillus-based bioproduct for Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) control using response surface methodology

Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) cause significant yield losses in agriculture. Environmentally friendly bioproducts are important components of sustainable nematode management. This study evaluated the efficacy of two commercial Bacillus bioproducts, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI 600 (Bioproduct-I) and Bacillus subtilis QST 713 (Bioproduct-II), against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae), a major RKN species, on tomato plants. The trial, conducted in 2024 at Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, assessed root gall index, number of second-stage juveniles (J2) and number of egg masses in pot experiments at seed and seedling stages. The dose of Bioproduct-I was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and design of experiments (DOE), with results visualized using Pareto and normal plots. The 1000 ml/ha dose of Bioproduct-I was characterized by the lowest root gall index (2.37 in seed, 2.75 in seedling) and the lowest number of J2 (382.5 in seed, 415.0 in seedling). However, higher doses showed reduced efficacy, indicating that increasing concentrations did not increase biological activity. This study highlights the potential of Bacillus spp. for biological control and demonstrates the usefulness of statistical tools in optimizing Bioproduct applications against RKN.

Keywords

• Bacillus
• bioproduct
• response surface method (RSM)
• root-knot nematode
• tomato

Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) kontrolü için Bacillus bazlı bir biyoürünün yanıt yüzeyi metodolojisi kullanılarak optimizasyonu

Öz

Kök-ur nematodları tarımda önemli verim kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Çevre dostu biyolojik ürünler, sürdürülebilir nematod yönetiminde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, iki ticari Bacillus tabanlı biyolojik ürünün, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI 600 (Bioproduct-I) ve Bacillus subtilis QST 713 (Bioproduct-II), domates bitkilerinde önemli bir kök-ur nematodu türü olan Meloidogyne incognita'ya (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) karşı etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü'nde 2024 yılında yapılan denemelerde, tohum ve fide aşamalarındaki saksı deneylerinde kök ur indeksi, ikinci dönem larva (J2) sayısı ve yumurta paketi sayısı değerlendirilmiştir. Bioproduct-I dozu, yanıt yüzeyi metodolojisi (YYM) ve deney tasarımı (DT) kullanılarak optimize edilmiş ve sonuçlar Pareto ve normal plot grafikleri ile görselleştirilmiştir. Bioproduct-I'in 1000 ml/ha dozu, en düşük kök gal indeksi (tohumda 2.37, fidede 2.75) ve en düşük ikinci dönem larva (J2) sayısı (tohumda 382.5, fidede 415.0) ile belirlenmiştir. Daha yüksek dozlar, biyolojik aktiviteyi artırmamış, daha düşük etkinlik göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, Bacillus spp. türlerinin biyolojik mücadele potansiyelini ve kök-ur nematodlarına karşı biyolojik ürün uygulamalarının optimize edilmesinde istatistiksel araçların yararlılığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bacillus
• biyolojik ürün
• yanıt yüzey metodu (YYM)
• kök-ur nematodu
• domates

Kaynakça

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