Acı badem yan ürünlerinin biyoaktif potansiyeli ve Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Rhabditida: Anguinidae)’ye karşı nematisidal aktivitesi

Öz

Bitki paraziti nematodlar büyük ekonomik kayıplara yol açarken, bitki bazlı doğal ürünlerle entegre zararlı yönetimi umut vadetmektedir. Acı bademler, hidrolize edildiğinde toksik hidrojen siyanür (HCN) açığa çıkaran amigdalin molekülünü içerir. Bu çalışma, 2023 yılında Karaman’dan toplanan acı badem yan ürünlerinin konvansiyonel ve ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemlerle elde edilen ekstraktlarda amigdalin miktarını, ekstraksiyon verimini ve antioksidan kapasitesini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca ektraktların ve saf amigdalinin soğan sak nematodu Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Rhabditida: Anguinidae)’ye karşı inhibe edici etkisi ve EC50 değerlerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyon, konvensiyonel ekstraksiyona göre daha fazla amigdalin geri kazanımı sağlamıştır. Ayrıca, elde edilen bu ekstrakt daha güçlü antioksidan aktivite göstermiştir. Ultrasonik destekli ekstrakt (BAU) 1 mg·mL-1 konsantrasyonda (%90.38±3.70) ve konvansiyonel ekstrakt (BAC) 2 mg·mL-1 konsantrasyonda (%93.46±1.14), fenamifos’dan daha güçlü aktivite (%77.00±2.60) göstermiştir. Saf amigdalin sınırlı nematisidal aktivite (% 26.83±6.94) gösterirken, her iki ekstrakt da daha etkili (2 mg·mL-1 konsantrasyonda BAC ve BAU sırasıyla %93.46±1.14 ve %94.21±0.91) nematisidal aktiviteye sahiptir. Sonuçlar, acı badem yan ürünleri ekstraktlarının bitki koruma ürünleri olarak D. dipsaci’nin yönetiminde umut verici bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma nematisidal aktivitenin anlaşılması için ileride yapılacak çalışmalara önemli bilimsel bilgiler sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Amigdalin
• acı badem
• yan ürün
• Ditylenchus dipsaci
• nematisidal ak

Bioactive potential of bitter almond by-products and its nematicidal activity against Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Rhabditida: Anguinidae)

Öz

While plant-parasitic nematodes cause significant economic losses, integrated pest management using plant-based natural products shows promise. Bitter almonds contain the amygdalin molecule, which releases toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) when hydrolysed. This study aims to determine the amygdalin content, extraction yield, and antioxidant capacity in extracts obtained using conventional and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods from bitter almond by-products collected in Karaman in 2023. Additionally, it aims to determine the inhibitory effect of the extracts and authentic amygdalin against the stem and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) and their EC50 values. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction recovered more amygdalin than conventional extraction. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity. Ultrasonic-assisted extract (BAU) at 1 mg·mL-1 concentration (90.38±3.70%) and conventional extract (BAC) at 2 mg·mL-1 concentration (93.46±1.14%) (p<0.05) showed stronger activity than fenamiphos (77.00±2.60%). Authentic amygdalin showed limited nematicidal activity (26.83±6.94%), while both extracts were found to have more potent nematicidal activity (BAC and BAU 2 mg·mL-1 concentration, 93.46±1.14% and 94.21±0.91%, respectively). The results showed that bitter almond by-products extracts have promising potential in the management of D. dipsaci as plant protection products. This study may provide important scientific information for future studies to understand nematicidal activity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Amygdalin
• bitter almond
• by-products
• Ditylenchus dipsaci
• nematicidal activity

Kaynakça

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