Release of Psychophagus omnivorus (Walker, 1835) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) against Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in hazelnut orchards

Abstract

The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a highly polyphagous and destructive pest that damages a wide range of host plants in agricultural, urban and forest areas. It occasionally poses a major threat to hazelnut cultivation, including Türkiye. This study evaluated the field performance of the pupal parasitoid Psychophagus omnivorus (Walker, 1835) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) against H. cunea in heavily infested hazelnut orchards in Düzce, Türkiyebetween 2020 and 2021. A two-year study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replications to evaluate the parasitism rates of H. cunea by P. omnivorus in two generations. Psychophagus omnivorus releases had a significant impact on pupal parasitism rates, with this effect varying significantly between generations and across the two years. In 2020, parasitism rates in parasitoid-release plots reached 67.6% and 78.9% in the first and second generations, respectively, while control plots showed 0% and 13.9%. In 2021, parasitism reached 63.3% and 76.5% in parasitoid-release plots, compared to 0% and 45.4% in controls. These findings demonstrate the high potential of P. omnivorus as a biocontrol agent for the sustainable management of H. cunea in hazelnut orchards.

Keywords

• Fall webworm
• hazelnut
• mass release
• Psychophagus omnivorus
• pupal parasitoid

Fındık bahçelerinde Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)’ya karşı Psychophagus omnivorus (Walker, 1835) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)’un salımı

Öz

Amerikan beyaz kelebeği, Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Tarım, kentsel ve ormanlık alanlarda çok sayıda konukçu bitkiye zarar veren, oldukça yıkıcı ve polifag bir türdür. Türkiye de dahil olmak üzere fındık yetiştiriciliği için zaman zaman büyük bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında Türkiye’nin Düzce ilinde H. cunea ile yoğun şekilde bulaşık fındık bahçelerinde, pupa parazitoiti Psychophagus omnivorus (Walker, 1835) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)’un arazi koşullarındaki etkinliği değerlendirmiştir. Dört tekerrürlü tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre iki yıl yürütülen çalışmada, P. omnivorus üretim ve salım yapılarak H. cunea’nın her iki dölüne karşı parazitlenme oranları belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, P. omnivorus salımlarının pupa parazitlenme oranları üzerinde oldukça önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ve bu etkinin döller ve yıllara göre anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. 2020 yılında, parasitoid salımı yapılan parsellerde parazitlenme oranları birinci ve ikinci dölde sırasıyla %67.6 ve %78.9’a ulaşırken, kontrol parsellerinde bu oranlar %0 ve %13.9 olarak kaydedilmiştir. 2021 yılında ise, parasitoid salımı yapılan parsellerde parazitlenme oranları birinci ve ikinci dölde sırasıyla %63.3 ve %76.5 olurken, kontrol parsellerinde %0 ve %45.4 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Bu bulgular, P. omnivorus’un fındık bahçelerinde H. cunea’nın mücadelesinde yüksek potansiyele sahip bir biyolojik mücadele etmeni olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Amerikan beyaz kelebeği
• fındık
• kitlesel salım
• Psychophagus omnivorus
• pupa parazitoiti

Kaynakça

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