Insecticidal activity and repellency of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) essential oil against two major stored-product beetles

Öz

This study, conducted in 2025 at the laboratory of sustainable management of natural resources in arid and semi-arid areas, Naâma, Algeria, aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, contact toxicity, and repellency of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) essential oil (SREO) from Algeria against two major stored-grain pests, Lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). GC/MS analysis identified 1,8-cineole (43.63%), camphor (23.13%), α-pinene (8.75%), and β-pinene (6.43%) as the dominant compounds. In contact bioassays, SREO induced concentration-dependent mortality, with LC50 values of 16.2 µL/mL for R. dominica and 28.5 µL/mL for T. castaneum. Repellency assays showed strong concentration- and time-dependent avoidance, reaching 76.5% and 74.5% repellency at 16 µL/mL for R. dominica and T. castaneum, respectively classifying SREO as Class IV repellent. The higher susceptibility of R. dominica underscores species-specific responses. These results highlight SREO as a promising botanical agent for eco-friendly management of stored-product insects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Essential oil
• insecticidal effect
• repellent activity
• rosemary
• stored insect pests

Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) esansiyel yağının iki önemli depo zararlısına karşı öldürücü ve uzaklaştırıcı etkisi

Öz

Cezayir'in Naâma kentinde, kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerdeki Doğal Kaynakların Sürdürülebilir Yönetimi laboratuvarında 2025 yılında yürütülen bu çalışma, Cezayir'den elde edilen Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) uçucu yağının (SREO) iki önemli depo tahıl zararlısı olan Ekin Kambur biti, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) ve Un biti, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. GC/MS analizi, 1,8-cineole (43,63%), kafur (23,13%), α-pinene (8,75%) ve β-pinene (6,43%) bileşiklerinin baskın bileşikler olduğunu belirlemiştir. Kontakt etki denemelerinde, SREO konsantrasyona bağlı ölüme neden olmuş ve LC50 değerleri R. dominica için 16,2 µL/mL ve T. castaneum için 28,5 µL/mL olarak belirlenmiştir. Uzaklaştırıcı etki testleri, R. dominica ve T. castaneum için sırasıyla 16 µL/mL'de %76,5 ve %74,5 uzaklaştırıcı etki oranlarına ulaşarak, SREO Sınıf IV kovucu olarak sınıflandırarak, doza ve zamana bağlı güçlü bir uzaklaştırıcı etki göstermiştir. Rhyzopertha dominica türe özgü tepkileri bakımından daha yüksek duyarlılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, SREO'nun depolanmış ürün böceklerinin çevre dostu yönetimi için umut verici bir bitkisel kökenli ajan olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uçucu yağ
• böcek öldürücü etki
• uzaklaştırıcı etki
• biberiye
• depo zararlısı böcekler

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