Entomopatojen fungus ve sentetik insektisit karışımlarının Musca domestica L.’nın biyolojik dönemleri üzerinde lethal ve sublethal etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışma, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (Metschnikof) Sorokin ve Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) Brown&Smith entomopatojen funguslarının bazı sentetik insektisitler ile birlikte kullanımıyla Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)’ya karşı etkinliğini değerlendirmek amacı ile 2015 yılında Bahauddin Zakariya Üniversitesi, department of Entomoloji Bölümü (Multan, Pakistan)’nde yapılmıştır. Kapsamlı, tipik bir doza bağlı tepki aralığı, sineklerde fungus ve sentetik insektisit kombinasyonlarına karşı bir tuzak yem metodu kullanılarak gösterilmiştir. Acetamiprid, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid ve lufenuron gibi insektisitlerin böcek patojeni funguslar ile birlikte kombinasyonu, önemli düzeyde sinerjistik etkileşimlerle beklenenden daha yüksek ölüm göstermiştir. Ayrıca, karışımların Musca domestica’nın, ömür, doğurganlık, yumurta açılımı, larva dönemleri süresi, pupa oluşturma yüzdesi, pupa ağırlığı, pupa süresi, ergin çıkışı ve eşey oranı gibi biyolojik parametreleri üzerinde subletal etkileri de değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, ergin çıkışı dışında M. domestica tüm biyolojik parametreleri üzerinde fungus ve sentetik insektisit karışımlarının önemli bir etkisi (P <0.05) olduğunu göstermiştir. Ömür, doğurganlık, yumurtadan açılımı, pupa oluşturma yüzdesi ve pupa ağırlığında dikkate değer bir azalma gözlenirken, larva ve pupa dönemlerinin süreleri uzamıştır. Sonuçlar M. domestica kontrolü için entomopatojen fungus ve sentetik insektisitlerin kombine kullanımının potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır. Bundan başka, entomopatojen fungus ve sentetik insektisit kombinasyonu, aynı sonuca ulaşmak için gerekli olan aktif bileşen konsantrasyonları ayrı olarak uygulandığına göre daha azaltılabilir. Ancak, M. domestica için entegre zararlı yönetimi programının bir bileşeni olarak tavsiye edilmeden önce, entomopatojen fungus ve sentetik insektisit karışımlarının etkilerini doğrulamak için arazi denemeleri de yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik parametreler,Isaria fumosorosea,Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae,Musca domestica

Lethal and sublethal effects of mixtures of entomopathogenic fungi and synthetic insecticides on biological aspects of Musca domestica L.

Abstract

The current study was performed to assess the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (Metschnikof) Sorokin and Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) Brown&Smith applied in combination with some synthetic insecticides against the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) at Department of Entomology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan during 2015. An extensive, typically dose-dependent range of responses was shown by flies towards fungus-synthetic insecticide combinations using a bait method. The insecticides acetamiprid, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid and lufenuron in combination with insect pathogenic fungi showed higher mortality than expected with significant synergistic interactions. In addition, the mixtures were also assessed for sublethal effects on biological parameters of M. domestica, namely adult longevity, fecundity, egg hatching, larval duration, percent pupation, pupal weight, pupal duration, adult emergence and sex ratio. The results showed a considerable impact of fungi and synthetic insecticide mixtures on all biological parameters of M. domestica (P<0.05) except adult emergence. A noteworthy reduction in adult longevity, fecundity, egg hatching, percent pupation and pupal weight was observed, while larval and pupal durations were prolonged. The results highlight the potential of combined use of entomopathogenic fungi and synthetic insecticides for the control of M. domestica. Moreover, the combination of entomopathogenic fungi and synthetic insecticides can reduce the concentrations of the active ingredient required to achieve the same result as when these are applied separately. However, field trials are required to validate the effects of entomopathogenic fungi and synthetic insecticides mixtures before they can be recommended as elements of an integrated pest management program for M. domestica.

Keywords

• Biological parameters,Isaria fumosorosea,Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae,Musca domestica

Kaynakça

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