Türkiye’nin Orta ve Güney Anadolu Bölgesi’nde bulunan buğday ve mısır depolarındaki zararlılarda tespit edilen entomopatojen funguslar

Öz

Türkiye’nin Orta ve Güney Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki buğday ve mısır depolarında tahıl zararlılarının doğal olarak bulunan fungal patojenleri, çeşitli böcek örnekleme yöntemleri kullanılarak belirlenmiş ve teşhis edilmiştir. 2013 yılı haziran – kasım aylarında beş ilde (Şanlıurfa, Kahramanmaraş, Adana, Mersin ve Konya) depolar, sonda kullanarak, tuzak yerleştirerek ve gözlemle örneklenmiştir. Ölü böceklerden elde edilen entomopatojen funguslar genomik DNAnın ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 bölgesi sekanslanarak tür seviyesinde teşhis edilmiştir. İzole edilen üç türün büyük çoğunluğu Beauveria bassiana (97 izolat) olup bunu Purpureocillium lilacinum (20 izolat) izlemiştir. Üçüncü tür ise Beauveria varroae (9 izolat)’dir ve depo zararlılarından ilk kayıttır. Tüm izolatların 35’i Tribolium spp., 29’u Sitophilus spp., 24’ü Cryptolestes ferrugineus, 22’si Rhyzopertha dominica, 8’i Oryzaephilus surinamensis, 4’ü Trogoderma granarium, 3’ü Latheticus oryzae ve birisi bir Cryptophagidae türünden izole edilmiştir. Depolanmış tahıl zararlılarında fungal enfeksiyonlar örnekleme zamanına göre önemli ölçüde değişmemiş, en yoğun olarak iller arasında Adana’da ve türler arasında da Tribolium türlerinde bulunmuştur. Sonda ile alınan tahıl örneklerinde fungal enfeksiyon daha yoğun tespit edilmiştir, ancak ürün cinsinin önemli bir etkisi belirlenmemiştir. Sonuçlar, entomopatojen fungusların düşük yoğunlukla dağılım gösterdiğini, ve lokasyon ile örnekleme tekniğinin fungus izolasyonunu etkileyebileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu ekosisteminde daha fazla çalışma yapılarak depolanmış tahıl zararlılarının mücadelesindeki kullanımlarını geliştirmek için önemli bilgilere ulaşılabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Coleoptera,Hypocreales,mikrobiyal mücadele,depo zararlıları

Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi on insect pests of stored wheat and maize in Central and South Anatolia in Turkey

Abstract

Naturally occurring fungal pathogens of stored-grain insect pests were identified and quantified using different insect sampling techniques in wheat and maize storage facilities in Central and South Anatolia in Turkey. Storage facilities were sampled by probing, trapping and visual inspection in five cities (Şanlıurfa, Kahramanmaraş, Adana, Mersin and Konya) from June to November 2013. Entomopathogenic fungi recovered from dead insects were identified to species level by sequencing the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the genomic DNA. Of the three species isolated, the majority were Beauveria bassiana (97 isolates), followed by Purpureocillium lilacinum (20 isolates). The third species, Beauveria varroae (9 isolates), is the first record on stored-product pest insects. Thirty-five isolates were from Tribolium spp., 29 from Sitophilus spp., 24 from Cryptolestes ferrugineus, 22 from Rhyzopertha dominica, 8 from Oryzaephilus surinamensis, 4 from Trogoderma granarium, 3 from Latheticus oryzae and 1 from a species of Cryptophagidae. The fungal infection of stored-grain pests did not vary significantly according to the time of sampling. A higher frequency of occurrence was recorded for Adana than the other cities and for Tribolium species than the other hosts. Grain samples taken by probing resulted in a higher frequency of fungal infection, but commodity type did not have a significant effect. The results demonstrated that (1) entomopathogenic fungi occurred at a low frequency, and (2) location, together with sampling technique, can affect their recovery. Further exploration of this ecosystem could yield important information for improving their use for management of stored-grain pests.

Keywords

• Coleoptera,Hypocreales,microbial control,stored-product pests

Kaynakça

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