Karyotype analysis of Phauloppia lucorum (Koch, 1841) (Oribatida: Oribatulidae)

Abstract

            Currently, about 11,000 oribatid mites have been described, but chromosome numbers have been reported for only a few species. Furthermore, the oribatid mites are a valuable model for holocentric chromosomes in cytogenetic studies. The diploid chromosome number is generally 2n = 18 in oribatid mites, though some have 2n = 16 or 30. Although there are many studies on the morphology and systematics of Phauloppia lucorum (Koch, 1841) (Oribatida: Oribatulidae), there is no information about its karyotype or chromosome numbers. The aim of this study is to investigate the chromosome number, monoploid ideogram and detailed chromosomal measurements of P. lucorum. The diploid chromosome number of P. lucorum was found to be 2n = 12. The total haploid chromosome length and the average chromosome length were 7.39 µm and 1.23 µm respectively. The chromosome lengths varied from 0.91 to 1.67 µm. In conclusion, these results are the first for the chromosome numbers and karyotype analysis for P. lucorum.

Keywords

• Acari,holocentric chromosome,karyotype,Oribatida,Phauloppia lucorum

Phauloppia lucorum (Koch, 1841)’un karyotip analizi (Oribatida: Oribatulidae)

Öz

Günümüzde, 11,000 oribatid akar türü tanımlanmıştır fakat çok az sayıda türün kromozom sayısı bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca oribatid akarlar sitogenetik çalışmalarda holosentrik kromozomlar için değerli bir modeldir. Genellikle oribatid akarlarda diploid kromozom sayısı 2n = 16, 30 gibi bazı istisnalar dışında 2n = 18 şeklindedir. Phauloppia lucorum (Koch, 1841) (Oribatida: Oribatulidae) üzerine çok sayıda morfolojik ve sistematik çalışmalar bulunmasına rağmen karyotip ve kromozom sayısı hakkında bilgi yoktur. Bu çalışmanın amacı P. lucorum’un kromozom sayısı, monoploid ideogram ve detaylı kromozom ölçümlerini araştırmaktır. P. lucorum’un diploid kromozom sayısı 2n = 12 olarak bulundu. Toplam haploid kromozom uzunluğu ve ortalama kromozom uzunluğu sırasıyla 7.39 µm, 1.23 µm’dir. Kromozom uzunluğu 0.91-1.67 µm aralığında değişmektedir. Sonuç olarak, P. lucorum’un kromozom sayısı ve karyotip analizi ilk kez bildirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acari,holosentrik kromozom,karyotip,Oribatida,Phauloppia lucorum

Kaynakça

1. Altınordu, F., L. Peruzzi, Y. Yu & X. J. He, 2016. A tool for the analysis of chromosomes: KaryoType. Taxon, 65: 586-592.
2. Ayyıldız, N. & A. Toluk, 2016. Contributions to the Turkish oribatid mite fauna (Acari: Oribatida). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 40 (1): 73-85.
3. Behan-Pelletier, V. M., 2015. Sexual dimorphism in Autogneta, with description of three new species from North America and new diagnosis of the genus (Acari, Oribatida, Autognetidae). Zootaxa, 3946 (1): 55-78.
4. Chang, M. S., A. Asem & S. C. Sun, 2017. The incidence of rare males in seven parthenogenetic Artemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) populations. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 41: 138-143.
5. Eroğlu, H. E., 2015. Which chromosomes are subtelocentric or acrocentric? A new karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index. Caryologia, 68 (3): 239-245.
6. Eroğlu, H. E. & S. Per, 2016. Karyotype analysis of Zygoribatula cognata (Oudemans) (Acari: Oribatida: Oribatulidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 40 (1): 33-38.
7. Gokhman, V. E. & D. L. J. Quicke, 1995. The last twenty years of parasitic Hymenoptera karyology: An update and phylogenetic implications. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 4: 41-63.
8. Gulvik, M. E., 2007. Mites (Acari) as indicators of soil biodiversity and land use monitoring: a review. Polish Journal of Ecology, 55: 415-440.

9. Heethoff, M., P. Bergmann & R. A. Norton, 2006. Karyology and sex determination of oribatid mites. Acarologia, 46 (1-2): 127-131.
10. Imai, H., R. W. Taylor, M. V. Crosland & R. Crozier, 1988. Modes of spontaneous chromosomal mutation and karyotype evolution in ants with reference to the minimum interaction hypothesis. The Japanese Journal of Genetics, 63 (2): 159-185.
11. Lachange, L. E., 1967. “The Induction Dominant Lethal Mutation in Insects by Ionizing Radiation and Chemicals-as Related to the Steril-Male Technique of Insect Control, 617-650”. In: Genetic of Insect Vectors of Diseases (Eds. J. W. Wright & R. Pal). Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 794 pp.
12. Melters, D. P., L. V. Paliulis, I. F. Korf & S. W. Chan, 2012. Holocentric chromosomes: Convergent evolution, meiotic adaptations, and genomic analysis. Chromosome Research, 20 (5): 579-593.
13. North, D. T., 1967. Radiation-Induced male sterility exhibited in the P1 and F1 generations in Lepidoptera. Radiation Research, 31: 615.
14. Norton, R. A., J. B. Kethley, D. E. Johnston & B. M. O'Connor, 1993. “Phylogenetic Perspectives on Genetic Systems and Reproductive Odes of Mites, 8-99”. In: Evolution and Diversity of Sex Ratio in Insects and Mites (Eds. D. Wrensch & M. A. Ebbert). Chapman & Hall, New York, USA, 634 pp.
15. Oliver, J. H., 1977. Cytogenetics of mites and ticks. Annual Review of Entomology, 22: 407-429.
16. Subías, L. S., 2004. Listado sistematico, sinonimico y biogeografico de los acaros oribatidos (Acariformes: Oribatida) del Mundo (Excepte fosiles). Graellsia 60: 3-305 (actualizado en junio de 2006, en abril de 2007, en mayo de 2008, en abril de 2009, en julio de 2010, en febrero de 2011, en abril de 2012, en mayo de 2013 y en febrero de 2014, en marzo de 2015, en febrero de 2016 y en febrero de 2017 y en enero de 2018).
17. White, M. J. D., 1973. Animal Cytology and Evolution. Cambridge University Press, London, UK, 468 pp.
18. Wrensch, D. L., J. B. Kethley & R. A. Norton, 1994. “Cytogenetics of Holokinetic Chromosomes and Inverted Meiosis: Keys to the Evolutionary Success of Mites, with Generalization on Eukaryotes, 282-343”. In: Mites: Ecological and Evolutionary Analyses of Life-History Patterns (Ed. M. A. Houck). Chapman & Hall, New York, USA, 357 pp.