Pleiotropic effects of propargite on life-table parameters of susceptible and resistant strains and reciprocal F1 hybrids of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 and their implications for population growth

Abstract

Demographic toxicological studies or life-table response experiments have been proposed as a more reliable approach for predicting pesticide impact in the field. Life-table parameters of the susceptible, propargite-resistant and reciprocal F1 hybrids of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) were studied in the presence and absence of propargite residues at LC₅₀ and LC₉₉ of susceptible strain at Lincoln University, New Zealand. The life history data of all individuals were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. Treatment with LC₅₀ of the susceptible strain did not affect the duration of developmental time of any strain. LC₉₉ of the susceptible strain, however, prolonged the developmental time of the propargite-resistant strain by approximately 2 d. The intrinsic rate of increase (r_m), R_o and total progeny production of the propargite-resistant strain and S^♂ × R^♀hybrid treated with LC₅₀ of the susceptible strain were higher compared to that of the susceptible strain and R^♂ × S^♀ hybrid. Population projections were used to study the effects of relatively small differences in the life-table parameters of strains/hybrids of T. urticae. For the untreated control groups, the susceptible strain gave the highest population projection after 10 generations. In groups treated with LC₅₀ of the susceptible strain, the projected population size showed that the number of adult females of the propargite-resistant strain superseded that of the susceptible strain. The hybrid S^♂ × R^♀ increased most from treatment with the LC₅₀ of the susceptible strain. The differential success of different strains could, therefore, change resistance frequency throughout a growing season at a location.

Keywords

• Intrinsic rate of increase,life-table parameters,population projection,propargite,resistance,Tetranychus urticae

Tetranychus urticae Koch 1836'nın hassas ve dirençli ırklarının ve karşılıklı F1 çapraz melezlerinin yaşam tablosu parametreleri üzerine propargite’in pleiotropik etkileri ve bunların popülasyon gelişimi üzerine çıkarımlar

Öz

Demografik toksikolojik çalışmalar ya da yaşam tablosu tepki denemeleri, tarlada insektisit etkisini öngörmek için daha güvenilir bir yaklaşım olarak önerilmektedir. Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)'nin hassas, propargite karşı dirençli ve karşılıklı F1 çapraz melezlerinin yaşam tablosu parametreleri, Lincoln Üniversitesi (Yeni Zelanda)’de hassas ırkın LC₅₀ ve LC₉₉'unda propargite kalıntılarının varlığında ve yokluğunda çalışılmıştır. Tüm bireylerin yaşam tablosu verileri, yaş-evre, iki cinsiyetli yaşam tablosu kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Duyarlı ırkın LC₅₀ değerleri, herhangi bir ırkta gelişim zamanını etkilememiştir. Bununla birlikte, hassas ırkın LC₉₉'u, propargite dirençli ırkın gelişim süresini yaklaşık iki gün uzatmıştır. Duyarlı ırkın LC₅₀ değerleri, propargite dirençli ırkın ve S^♂ × R^♀ hibridinin kalıtsal üreme yeteneği (r_m), R_o ve toplam döl verimi, hassas ırk ve R^♂ × S^♂hibritine kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Popülasyon tahminleri, T. urticae'nin ırkları / melezlerinin yaşam tablosu parametrelerindeki nispeten küçük farklılıkların etkilerini incelemek için kullanılmıştır. Uygulama yapılmayan kontrol grupları için hassas ırk 10 dölden sonra en yüksek popülasyon tahminini vermiştir. Duyarlı ırkın LC₅₀ değeri uygulanan gruplarda, tahmin edilen popülasyon büyüklüğü, propargite dirençli ırkın ergin dişi sayısının, hassas ırkın yerine geçtiğini göstermiştir. Hibrid S^♂ × R^♀, hassas ırkın LC₅₀'si ile uygulamadan en fazla artmıştır. Bu yüzden, farklı ırkların kademeli başarısı, bir bölgede yetiştirme sezonu boyunca direnç sıklığını değiştirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kalıtsal üreme yeteneği,yaşam tablosu parametreleri,popülasyon tahmini,propargite,direnç,Tetranychus urticae

Kaynakça

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