Yüksek toprak sıcaklıklarında Mi-1 genini taşıyan domates bitkilerinin Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949'a tepkisi

Öz

Domateste kök ur nematodlarına karşı dayanıklılık sağlayan Mi-1geni 28ºC’nin üzerindeki toprak sıcaklılarında kırılmaktadır. Bu durumu anlamak için Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949’ ya hassas ve dayanıklı bitkiler, dört toprak sıcaklığında (25, 28, 30 ve 32ºC) ve 6 sürede (6, 12, 24, 48, 120 ve 168 saat) ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma 2015 ve 2016 yılları arasında iklim odalarında yürütülmüştür. İlk denemede bitkiler nematod inokulasyonundan önce aynı altı zaman periyodu için 25, 28, 30 ve 32ºC toprak sıcaklıklarına maruz bırakılmış, daha sonra 25ºC’deki iklim odasına aktarılmıştır. Nematodların üreme faktörü (Rf) dayanıklı bitkilerde 1’den büyük hassas bitkilerde ise 1’den küçük bulunmuştur. İlk denemenin sonucu, Mi-1tarafından sağlanan dayanıklılığın belirtilen toprak sıcaklıklarında kırılmadığını göstermiştir. İkinci denemede toprak sıcaklıkları 25ºC, 28ºC, 30ºC ve 32ºC’ye ulaştığında eş zamanlı olarak M. incognitainokulasyonu yapılmış ve adı geçen sürelerde toprak sıcaklığına maruz bırakılmıştır. Daha sonra bitkiler 25ºC toprak sıcaklığına sahip iklim odasına aktarılmıştır. 32ºC toprak sıcaklığına, 48 saat ve üzerinde maruz bırakılan heterozigot dayanıklı bitkilerde Rf değeri >1 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar 32ºC toprak sıcaklığına, 48 saat ve üzeri maruz bırakılan bitkilerdeki dayanıklılığın etkisini yitirdiğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Süre
• Mi-1 geni
• dayanıklılık
• kök-ur nematodları
• toprak sıcaklığı
• domates

Response of tomato plants carrying Mi-1 gene to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 under high soil temperatures

Abstract

            The Mi-1 gene conferring resistance to root-knot nematodes in tomato breaks down at soil temperatures above 28ºC. To understand this phenomenon, the reactions of susceptible and resistant tomatoes toMeloidogyne incognita(Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 were separately investigated under four soil temperatures, 25, 28, 30 and 32ºC, and at six time periods, 6, 12, 24, 48, 120 and 168 h. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2016 in growth chambers. In the first experiment, the plants were separately exposed to soil temperatures for the same six periods before nematode inoculation and then transferred to a growth chamber with 25ºC. Reproduction factor (Rf) for nematode on resistant plants was <1, while the Rf for susceptible plants was >1. Results indicated that the resistance provided by Mi-1persisted under all soil temperatures. In the second experiment, the seedlings were simultaneously inoculated with M. incognita when soil temperatures reached 25, 28, 30 and 32ºC, and held in soil temperatures for the same six periods, then transferred to a growth chamber with 25ºC soil temperature. Rf in heterozygous resistant plants exposed to 32ºC soil temperature for ≥48 h was >1. This study indicated that the resistance in plants held at 32ºC soil temperature for ≥48 h lost its effect.

Keywords

• Duration
• Mi-1 gene
• resistance
• root-knot nematodes
• soil temperature
• tomato

Kaynakça

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