Insecticidal efficacy of local diatomaceous earths against adult and larvae of Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Yıl 2019, , 347 - 354, 01.09.2019

Mustafa Alkan , Sait Ertürk , Turgut Atay , Ayşegül Çağlayan

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.550954

Cited By: 3

Öz

In this study, insecticidal activity of diatomaceous earths (DE) of different particle size (Turco 000, 004 and 020) obtained from domestic sources in Turkey were tested against Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and adults under laboratory conditions. DE were tested against larvae and adults of T. molitor at four different rates (0, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003 and 0.004 mg/cm²), and LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were calculated. Turco 000 grade DE with the smallest particle size had 100% efficacy at all rates against the adults at 60 h, and after 48 h, LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were 0.006 and 0.019 g/cm², respectively. After 48 h treatment, the LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values for Turco 004 were 0.013 and 0.022 g/cm², respectively, whereas they were 0.022 and 0.041 g/cm² with Turco 020, respectively. The DE applied to the larvae had activity in varying proportions. LC₅₀ values were 0.014, 0.034 and 0.032 g/cm² after 72 h for Turco 000, 004 and 020 , respectively. LC₉₀ values were 0.053, 0.089 and 0.075 g/cm², respectively. The results obtained in this study are promising for control of this pest with local DE.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lethal toxicity, diatomaceous earth, particle size, Tenebrio molitor

Yerli diyatom topraklarının Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)’ün ergin ve larvalarına karşı insektisidal etkinliği

Öz

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yerli kaynaklardan elde edilen farklı tanecik boyutuna sahip diyatom topraklarının (Turco 000, 004 ve Turco 020) Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larva ve erginlerine karşı insektisidal etkinliği laboratuvar koşullarında test edilmiştir. Bu amaçla diyatom toprakları dört farklı dozda (0.001, 0.002, 0.003 ve 0.004 g/cm²) zararlının larva ve erginlerine karşı denenmiş, LC₅₀ ve LC₉₀ değerleri hesaplanmıştır. En küçük parçacık boyutuna sahip Turco 000 kodlu diyatom toprağı zararlının erginlerine karşı 60. saat uygulama yapılan dozlarda %100 ölüme neden olmuş ve 48. saat sonunda LC₅₀ ve LC₉₀ değerleri sırasıyla 0.006 ve 0.019 g/cm²olarak hesaplanmıştır. 48 saatlik uygulama süresi sonunda Turco 004 için LC₅₀ ve LC₉₀ değerleri sırasıyla 0.013 g/cm², 0.022g/cm² olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aynı zaman dilimi içerisinde Turco 020 kodlu diyatom toprağı için LC₅₀ ve LC₉₀ değerleri ise sırasıyla 0.022 ve 0.041 g/cm² olmuştur. Zararlının larvaları için uygulama yapılan diyatom toprakları değişen oranlarda aktiviteye sahip olmuştur. Turco 000, 004 ve 020 kodlu diyatom toprakları için 72. saat sonunda LC₅₀ değerleri sırasıyla 0.014, 0.034 ve 0.032 g/cm² olarak hesaplanırken LC₉₀ değerleri sırasıyla 0.053, 0.089 ve 0.075 g/cm² olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar yerel diyatom topraklarının bu zararlının mücadelesinde kullanımı açısından ümit var sonuçlar içermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Letal toksisite, yerel diatom toprağı, tanecik büyüklüğü, Tenebrio molitor

Kaynakça

• Annis, P. C., 2016. “Chemicals for Grain Production and Protection, 99-104”. In: Encyclopedia of Food Grains (Vol. 4), (Eds. C. Wrigley, H. Corke, K. Seetharaman & J. Faubion), Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 491 pp.
• Arthur, F. H., 1996. Grain protectants: current status and prospects for the future. Journal of Stored Products Research, 32 (4): 293-302.
• Ashraf, M., M. Farooq, M. Shakeel, N. Din, S. Hussain, N. Saeed, Q. Shakeel & N. A. Rajput, 2017. Influence of entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, alone and in combination with diatomaceous earth and thiamethoxam on mortality, progeny production, mycosis, and sporulation of the stored grain insect pests. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24 (36): 28165-28174.
• Athanassiou, C. G., Z. Korunic, N. G. Kavallieratos, G. G. Peteinatos, M. C. Boukouvala & N. H. Mikeli, 2006. “New trends in the use of diatomaceous earth against stored-grain insects, 15-18”. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference of Stored-Product Protection, (15 October-18 October 2006, Sao Paulo, Brazil), 1359 pp.
• Dunkel, F. V., 1992. The stored grain ecosystem: a global perspective. Journal of Stored Production Research, 28: 73-87.
• Ebeling, W., 1971. Sorptive dusts for pest control. Annual Review of Entomology, 16: 123-158.
• El-Wakeil, N. E. & S. A. Saleh, 2009. Effects of neem and diatomaceous earth against Myzus persicae and associated predators in addition to indirect effects on artichoke growth and yield parameters. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 42 (12): 1132-1143.
• Eroglu, N., M. K. Sakka, M. Emekci & C. G. Athanassiou, 2019. Effects of zeolite formulations on the mortality and progeny production of Sitophilus oryzae and Oryzaephilus surinamensis at different temperature and relative humidity levels. Journal of Stored Products Research, 81: 40-45.
• Faulde, M. K., M. Tisch & J. J. Scharninghausen, 2006. Efficacy of modified diatomaceous earth on different cockroach species (Orthoptera, Blattellidae) and silverfish (Thysanura, Lepismatidae). Journal of Pest Science, 79 (3): 155-161.
• Finkel, Z. V., J. Beardall, K. J. Flynn, A. Quigg, T. A. V. Rees & J. A. Raven, 2009. Phytoplankton in a changing world: cell size and elemental stoichiometry. Journal of Plankton Research, 32 (1): 119-137.
• Flinn, P. W., D. W. Hagstrum, C. Reed & T. W. Phillips, 2003. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service stored-grain area-wide integrated pest management program. Pest Managing Science, 59: 614-618.
• Hill, D. S., 2002. Pests of Stored Foodstuffs and Their Control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 496 pp.
• Hosseini, S. A., S. Bazrafkan, H. Vatandoost, M. R. Abaei, M. S. Ahmadi, M. Tavassoli & M. Shayeghi, 2014. The insecticidal effect of diatomaceous earth against adults and nymphs of Blattella germanica. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4 (1): 228-232.
• Howard, R. W. & G. J. Blomquist, 2005. Ecological, behavioral, and biochemical aspects of insect hydrocarbons. Annual Review Entomology, 50: 371-393.
• Japp, A. K., 2008. Influência do Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) no desempenho zootécnico de frangos de corte e avaliação da terra de diatomácea como estratégia para o seu controle. (Unpublished) MSc. Dissertation, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, 61 pp.
• Korunic, Z., 1998. Diatomaceous earths, a group of natural insecticides. Journal of Stored Products Research, 34: 87-97.
• Leora Software, 2002. Polo-Pc: Probit and Logit Analysis, Berkeley, CA, the USA.
• Llewellyn, M. & J. Eivaz, 1979. Abrasive dusts as a mechanism for aphid control. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 26 (2): 219-222.
• Mckenzie, J. D. & R. Goldman, 2005. The Student Guide to MINITAB Release 14 Manual. Pearson Education, Boston, MA.
• Mewis, I. & C. Ulrichs, 2001. Action of amorphous diatomaceous earth against different stages of the stored product pests Tribolium confusum, Tenebrio molitor, Sitophilus granarius and Plodia interpunctella. Journal of Stored Products Research, 37 (2): 153-164.
• Neethirajan, S., C. Karunakaran, D. S. Jayas & N. D. G. White, 2007. Detection techniques for stored-product insects in grain. Food Control 18: 157-162.
• Oliveira, D. G. P., A. K Bonini & L. F. A. Alves, 2017. Field assessments to control the Lesser mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) using Diatomaceous earth in poultry houses. Journal of Economic Entomology, 110 (6): 2716-2723.
• Otitodun, G. O., G. P. Opit, S. I. Nwaubani, E. U. Okonkwo & S. G. Gautam, 2015. Efficacy of Nigeria derived diatomaceous earth, botanical insecticides, and river bed sand against Sitophilus oryzea (Coleoptera: Curculionide) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichdea) on wheat. African Crop Science Journal, 23 (3): 279-293.
• Riasat, T., W. Wakil, M. Ashfaq & S. T. Sahi, 2011. Effect of Beauveria bassiana mixed with diatomaceous earth on mortality, mycosis and sporulation of Rhyzopertha dominica on stored wheat. Phytoparasitica, 39 (4): 325-331.
• Rigaux, M., E. Haubruge & P. G. Fields, 2001. Mechanisms for tolerance to diatomaceous earth between strains of Tribolium castaneum. Entomologia Experimentalis Applicata, 101: 33-39.
• Sallam, M. N., 2013. Insect Damage: Post-harvest Operations. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 38 pp.
• Subramanyam, B. H., 1993. Chemical Composition of Insecto. Report of Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, M.N., 4pp.
• Ulrichs, C. H., I. Mewis, & W. H. Schnitzler, 2001. Efficacy of neem and diatomaceous earth against cowpea aphids and their deleterious effect on predating Coccinelidae. Journal of Applied Entomology, 125 (9-10): 571-575.
• Vainikka, A., O. Seppala, K. Loytynoja & M. J. Rantala, 2006. Fitness consequences of female preference for male pheromones in Tenebrio molitor. Evolution Ecology Research, 8: 943-957.
• Vayias, B. J., C. G. Athanassiou & C. T. Buchelos, 2006. Evaluation of three diatomaceous earth and one natural pyrethrum formulations against pupae of Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on wheat and flour. Crop Protection, 25 (8): 766-772.
• Vayias, B. J. & V. K. Stephou, 2009. Factors affecting the insecticidal efficacy of an enhanced diatomaceous earth formulation against three stored-product insect species. Journal of Stored Products Research, 45 (4): 226-231.
• Wakil, W., M. U. Ghazanfar, Y. J. Kwon, E. Ullah S. Islam & K. Ali, 2012. Testing Paecilomyces lilacinus, diatomaceous earth and Azadirachta indica alone and in combination against cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) (Insecta: Homoptera: Aphididae). African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (4): 821-828.
• Wakil, W., T. Riasat, M. U. Ghazanfar, Y. J. Kwon & F.A. Shaheen, 2011. Aptness of Beauveria bassiana and enhanced diatomaceous earth (DEBBM) for control of Rhyzopertha dominica F. Entomological Research, 41 (6): 233-241.
• Yang, F. L., G. W. Liang, Y. J. Xu, Y. Y. Lu & L. Zeng, 2010. Diatomaceous earth enhances the toxicity of garlic, Allium sativum, essential oil against stored-product pests. Journal of Stored Products Research, 46 (2): 118-123.