Kuzey Kıbrıs arpa ve buğday üretim alanlarında Akdeniz tahıl kist nematodu, Heterodera latipons Franklin, 1969 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)’un tanımlanması ve genetik çeşitliliği

Öz

Akdeniz tahıl kist nematodu, Heterodera latipons Franklin, 1969 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) özellikle buğday ve arpada olmak üzere tahıllarda önemli zararlara neden olan bir bitki paraziti nematod olup, dünyada tahıl yetiştirilen alanların büyük çoğunluğunda tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Kıbrıs’ın tahıl alanlarındaki patojen nematodları belirlemek için bir sürvey yapılmıştır. Gazimağusa, Girne, Güzelyurt ve Lefkoşa tahıl üretim alanlarından toplam 45 adet toprak ve kök örneği 2017 yılının mayıs ayı sonu-haziran ayı başı arasında tahıl hasadı öncesinde alınmıştır. Toprak ve kök örneklerinden Fenwick yöntemii kullanılarak kistler toplanılmış, 37 adet örnekte (%82) kiste rastlanılmış olup, tüm örnekler ribozomal DNA’nın ITS bölgesi kullanılarak, tahıl kist nematodu H. latipons moleküler düzeyde tanımlanarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada Kuzey Kıbrıs arpa ve buğday alanlarından elde edilen H. latipons örneklerine ait ITS bölgesi sekans dizilerinin Fas, Rusya, Suriye ve Türkiye’den elde edilen izolatlara oldukça benzerlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Kuzey Kıbrıs'ın Gazimağusa, Girne, Güzelyurt ve Lefkoşa illeri tahıl alanlarında H. latipons'un ilk olarak tespit edildiği bu çalışma, nematodun yaygınlığını ortaya koyan ve zararlının mücadelesinde başta dayanıklı çeşit kullanımı olmak üzere diğer mücadele yöntemlerinin uygulanmasında temel oluşturacak verileri içermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Heterodera latipons
• heterojenite
• ITS
• filogenetik

Identification and genetic diversity of the Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons Franklin, 1969 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) in cereal production areas of Northern Cyprus

Abstract

The Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons Franklin, 1969 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) is a destructive plant-parasitic nematode on cereal crops in particularly wheat and barley. It has a global distribution with a severe negative impact on yield quantity. In this study, a survey was conducted to identify plant-parasitic nematodes in cereal-growing areas in Cyprus. Forty-five samples including roots and soil from the root zone of plants were collected from cereal fields located in Gazimağusa, Girne, Güzelyurt and Lefkoşa Provinces before crop harvesting from late-May and early-June in 2017. Cyst-forming nematodes were determined by Fenwick’s flotation and decanting techniques from 37 soil samples (82%). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA of isolates were amplified and sequenced and subjected to a BLASTn search of the NCBI database for species identification, and the analyses showed that all samples were identified as H. latipons. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences revealed that H. latipons isolates from Northern Cyprus were closely related to isolates obtained from Morocco, Russia, Syria and Turkey. Data of this study demonstrated for the first time the presence of H. latipons in the cereal fields of Gazimağusa, Girne, Güzelyurt and Lefkoşa Provinces, where the nematode most likely causes serious economic problems in the cereal production. These results were the most up-to-dated analyses on the occurrence of H. latipons in cereal fields of Northern Cyprus and provided basic data for breeding programs to improve the resistant levels in the local cultivars.

Keywords

• Heterodera latipons
• heterogeneity
• ITS
• phylogeny

Kaynakça

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