Kök lezyon nematodlarının, Pratylenchus spp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) üç nohut çeşidinde gelişmesinin incelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Bari 2, Bari 3 (Cicer reticulatum Ladiz) ve Cermi [Cicer echinospermum P.H.Davis (Fabales: Fabaceae)] nohut çeşitlerinde Kök lezyon nematodlarının, Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924), Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) ve Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae), 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 ve 56 günlerde popülasyon değişimleri, penetrasyon ve üreme oranları kontrollü oda koşullarında 2018-2019 yılları arasında incelenmiştir. İlk 3 günde nohut çeşitlerinin köklerinde larvalar görülmemiştir. Pratylenchus thornei en yüksek popülasyon yoğunluğuna Cermi çeşidinde 21 günde, Bari 3 çeşidinde 42 günde ulaşmasına rağmen Bari 2 çeşidinde üreme en düşük düzeyde kalmıştır. P. neglectus Bari 3 ve Cermi çeşidinde 28 günde en yüksek popülasyon yoğunluğuna ulaşmıştır. Bari 2’de ise en düşük popülasyon yoğunluğu P. neglectus’da görülmüştür. Buna ek olarak, P. penetrans popülasyon yoğunluğu, P. thornei’ye benzer şekilde, 49 günde Bari 3 çeşidinde en yüksek seviyeye ulaşırken, Bari 2 ve Cermi çeşitlerinde deneme süresince düşük popülasyon yoğunluğu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nohut
• penetrasyon
• popülasyon yoğunluğu
• Pratylenchus
• üreme

Investigation of the development of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) in three chickpea cultivars

Abstract

In this study, penetration, population changes and reproduction rates of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924), Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) and Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae), at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 d after inoculation in chickpea Bari 2, Bari 3 (Cicer reticulatum Ladiz) and Cermi [Cicer echinospermum P.H.Davis (Fabales: Fabaceae)] were assessed in a controlled environment room in 2018-2019. No juveniles were observed in the roots in the first 3 d after inoculation. Although, population density of P. thornei reached the highest in Cermi (21 d), Bari 3 (42 d) and the lowest observed on Bari 2. Pratylenchus neglectus reached the highest population density in Bari 3 and Cermi on day 28. The population density of P. neglectus was the lowest in Bari 2. Also, population density of P. penetrans reached the highest in Bari 3 cultivar within 49 d, similar to P. thornei, whereas Bari 2 and Cermi had low population densities during the entire experimental period.

Keywords

• Chickpea
• penetration
• population density
• Pratylenchus
• reproduction

Kaynakça

1. Abd-Elgawad, M. M. M. & T. H. Askary, 2015. “Impact of Phytonematodes on Agriculture Ecology, 3-49”. In: Biocontrol Agents of Phytonematodes (Eds. T. H. Askary & P. R. P. Martinelli). CAB International Wallingford, 480 pp.
2. Akyazi, F., S. Joseph, A. F. Felek & T. Mengistu, 2018. Molecular and morphometric characterization of root lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei Sher and Allen, 1953 from hazelnut orchards in Ordu, Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 1226: 399-406.
3. Ali, S. S. & R. Ahmad, 2000. “Screening of chickpea germplasm against nematode, 8-9”. In: International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter Research (Eds. S. N. Silim & R. B. Jones). lCRISAT Publications, Andhra Pradesh, India, 89 pp.
4. Ali, S. S. & S. B. Sharma, 2003. Nematode survey of chickpea production areas in Rajasthan, India. Nematologia Mediterranea, 31 (2): 147-149.
5. Baker, K. F., 1962. Principles of heat treatment of soil and planting material. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 28 (2): 118-126.
6. Behmand, T., N. Elekcioglu, J. Berger, C. Can & İ. H. Elekcioğlu, 2019. Determination of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 43 (4): 357-366.
7. Behmand, T., E. B. Kasapoglu Uludamar, J. Berger & İ. H. Elekcioglu, 2020. Development of methodology for resistance screening of chickpea genotypes collected in Turkey to the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei
8. Sher & Allen, 1953 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44 (1): 81-89.

9. Di Vito, M., N. Greco, G. Ores, M. C. Saxena, K. B. Singh & I. Küsmenoğlu, 1994. Plant Parasitic Nematodes of Legumes İn Turkey. Nematologia Mediterranea, 22 (2): 245-251.
10. Di Vito, M., G. Zaccheo & F. Catalano, 1995. Response of chickpea lines to Meloidogyne artiella and Pratylenchus thornei. Nematologia Mediterranea, 23 (Suppl.): 81-83.
11. FAO, 2019. Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations statistical data. (Web page: http://www.fao.org/faostat) (Date accessed: 24 April 2019).
12. Gomez-Barcina, A., P. Castillo & R. M. Jimenez-Diaz, 1996. Plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Southern Spain and effect of soil temperature on reproduction of Pratylenchus thornei. Nematologica, 42 (2): 211-219.
13. Greco, N., M. Di Vito, M. C. Saxena & M. V. Reddy, 1988. Investigation on the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei, in Syria. Nematologia Mediterranea, 16 (1): 101-105.
14. Keil, T., E. Laubach, S. Sharma & C. Jung, 2009. Screening for resistance in the primary and secondary gene pool of barley against the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus. Plant Breeding, 128 (5): 436-442.
15. Kepenekçi, İ., 1999. Taxonomic investigations on the species of Tylenchida (Nematoda) in Leguminous fields in Central Anatolia. Ankara University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, (Unpublished) PhD Thesis, Ankara, Turkey, 270 pp (in Turkish).
16. Kepenekçi, İ. & E. Ökten, 2000. Türkiye nematod faunası için Tylenchoidea ve Hoplolaimoidea (Tylenchida: Nematoda) üst familyalarına bağlı yeni türler ve Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb, 1913) Thorne, 1935'un taksonomik özellikleri. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 40 (1-2): 1-27 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
17. Linsell, K. J., I. T. Riley, K. A. Davies & K. H. Oldach, 2014. Characterization of resistance to Pratylenchus thornei (Nematoda) in wheat (Triticum aestivum): attraction, penetration, motility, and reproduction. Phytopathology, 104 (2): 174-187.
18. Moltmann, E., 1988. Kairomone im Wurzelexsudat Von Getreide: Ihre Bedeutung für die Wirtsfindung der Infektionslarven des Getreidezystenaelchens Heterodera avenae Und Ihre Charakterisierung. Hohenheim Universität, Doktorarbeit, 148 pp.
19. Moody, E. H., B. F. Lownsbery & J. H. Ahmed, 1973. Culture of root lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus on carrot discs. Journal of Nematology, 5 (3): 255-226.
20. Ogiga, I. R. & R. H. Estey, 1975. Penetration and colonization of Brassica rapa and Zea mays root tissues by Pratylenchus penetrans. Phytoprotection, 56 (1): 23-30.
21. Olthof, T. H. & J. W. Potter, 1972. Relationship between population densities of Meloidogyne hapla and crop losses in summer maturing vegetables in Ontario. Phytopathology, 62 (9): 981-986.
22. Pudasaini, M., N. Viaene & M. Moens, 2008. Hatching of the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, under the influence of temperature and host. Nematology, 10 (1): 47-54.
23. Rebois, R. V. & R. N. Huettel, 1986. Population dynamics, root penetration, and feeding behavior of Pratylenchus agilis in monoxenic root cultures of corn, tomato, and soybean. Journal of Nematology, 18 (3): 392-397.
24. Reen, R. A., M. H. Mumford & J. P. Thompson, 2019. Novel sources of resistance to root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) in a new collection of wild Cicer species (C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum) to improve resistance in cultivated chickpea Cicer arietinum. Phytopathology, 109 (7): 1270-1279.
25. Reen, R. A., J. P. Thompson, T. G. Clewett, J. G. Sheedy & K. L. Bell, 2014. Yield response in chickpea cultivars and wheat following crop rotations affecting population densities of Pratylenchus thornei and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Crop Pasture Science, 65 (5): 428-441.
26. Roberts, P. A, 2002. “Concepts and Consequences of Resistance, 23-41”. In: Plant Resistance to Parasitic Nematodes, Chapter 2 (Eds. J. L. Starr, R. Cook & J. Bridge). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, 272 pp.
27. Şahin, E., J. M. Nicol, A. Yorgancılar, I. H. Elekcioglu, A. Tulek, A. F. Yıldırım & N. Bolat, 2008. Seasonal variation of field populations of Heterodera filipjevi, Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus neglectus on winter wheat in Turkey. Nematologia Mediterranea, 36 (1): 51-56.
28. Sharma, S. B., D. H. Smith & D. McDonald, 1992. Nematode constraints of chickpea and pigeonpea production in the semiarid tropics. Plant Disease, 76 I. T.: 868-874.
29. Singh, K. B. & B. Ocampo, 1997. Exploitation of wild Cicer species for yield improvement in chickpea. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 95 (3): 418-423.
30. Söğüt, M. A. & Z. Devran, 2011. Distribution and molecular identification of root lesion nematodes in temperate fruit orchards of Turkey. Nematropica, 41 (1): 91-99.
31. Taylor, S. P., G. J. Hollaway & C. H. Hunt, 2000. Effect of field crops on population densities of Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei in Southeastern Australia; Part 1: P. neglectus. Journal of Nematology, 32 (4S): 591-599.
32. Thompson, J. P., R. A. Reen, T. G. Clewett, J. G. Sheedy, A. M. Kelly, B. J. Gogel & E. J. Knights, 2011. Hybridisation of Australian chickpea cultivars with wild Cicer spp. increases resistance to root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus). Australasian Plant Pathology, 40 (6): 601-611.
33. Thompson, J. P., T. G. Clewett & M. M. O’Reilly, 2015. Optimising initial population density, growth time and nitrogen nutrition for assessing resistance of wheat cultivars to root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei). Australasian Plant Pathology, 44 (2): 33-147.
34. Tiwari, S. P., I. Vadhera, B. N. Shukla & J. Bhatt, 1992. Studies on the pathogenicity and relative reactions of chickpea lines to Pratylenchus thornei (Filipjev 1936) Sher & Allen 1953. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 22 (3): 255-259.
35. TUIK, 2018. Turkish Statistical Institute Agricultural Statistics. (Web page: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p= tarim-111&dil=1) (Date accessed: 24 November 2020).
36. Umesh, K. C. & H. Ferris, 1992. Effects of temperature on Pratylenchus neglectus and on its pathogenicity to barley. Journal of Nematology, 24 (4): 504-511.
37. Vanstone, V. A., G. J. Hollaway & G. R. Stirling, 2008. Managing nematode pests in the southern and western regions of the Australian cereal industry: continuing progress in a challenging environment. Australasian Plant Pathology, 37 (3): 220-234.