İzmir (Türkiye)'de örtüaltı organik hıyar yetiştiriciliğinde zararlıların durumu

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Organik tarım, sera, zararlılar, Cucumis sativus

Pest status of organic cucumber production under greenhouse conditions in İzmir (Turkey)

Öz

The purpose of this study was to determine possibilities of cultivating organic cucumber under greenhouse conditions. Experiments according to principles and methods for organic agriculture were conducted in Ege University (İzmir-TURKEY), Faculty of Agriculture between 2003 and 2005 in a polyethylene (PE)-covered greenhouse (12.5 x 25 m) erected with galvanized steel hoops, with side and roof ventilation and covered with insect net. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cultivar “Sardes” was used as plant material. Trials were carried on during two successive spring and autumn growing periods. Cultural methods for pest management were applied before seedling transfer. Weeds and plant remains were removed carefully during growing period regularly. Sticky yellow traps, one per 10 m2 were hung 10 cm above the plants to monitor pests. Observations were made once a week in order to determine pests and diseases during the growing period. Plant diseases did not cause any significant problem during the growing seasons. Thrips, aphids, whiteflies, leafminers and spider mites were observed as pests. Whiteflies did not reach economic threshold. Damage due to leafminers was not important because of removal of the damaged leaves and yellow sticky traps. Aphids, thrips and spider mites caused significant injury sometimes and their injury level decreased by application of potassium soap 1-2 times a week. In addition, Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was released to decrease aphid population. As a conclusion, yield data obtained in both growing seasons showed that spring growing season seems to be more appropriate for organic cucumber production in greenhouse conditions in İzmir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• -

Kaynakça

1. Anonymous, 2001. Antalya Tarım A.Ş. product brochure.
2. Anonymous, 2005. İzmir Province Agriculture Directorate. Statistics. http://www.izmirtarim.gov.tr/ solsutun/tarist/tarist.htm (10.09.2006).
3. Aybak, H. Ç. & H. Kaygısız, 2004. Hıyar Yetiştiriciliği. Hasad Yayıncılık. 184 p.
4. Bostanian, N.J. & M. Akalach, 2004. The contact toxicity of indoxacarb and five other insecticides to Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), beneficials used in the greenhouse industry. Pest Man. Sci. 60 (12): 1231-1236.
5. Bostanian, N.J., M. Akalach & H. Chiasson. 2005. Effects of a Chenopodium-based botanical insecticide/acaricide on Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Pest Man. Sci. 61 (10): 979- 984.
6. Cloyd, R. 2005. Compatibility conflict: is the use of biological control agents with pesiticides a viable management strategy?. Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods (12-16 September, Davos-Switzerland), 546-554.
7. Copping, L.G. 2004. The Manual of Biocontrol Agents. BCPC Publications, UK, 758 p.
8. DİE, 2004. State Institute of Statistics. www.die.org.tr (27.09.2004).

9. Başpınar, H., İ. Çakmak & C. Öncüer. 2000. The effect of water extract of Melia azedarach L. on some pests. The Fourth Turkish National Congress of Entomology (12-15 September, Aydın-Turkey), 295-304.
10. Goh, H.G., J.H. Kim & M.W. Han. 2001. Application of Aphidius colemani Viereck for control of the aphid in greenhouse. J. Asia-Pasific Entomol. 4 (2): 171-174.
11. İlter, E. & A. Altındişli, 1996. Ekolojik tarım ve ilkeleri. Ekolojik Tarım (Ed. U. Aksoy & A. Altındişli), 1-6. ETO, Bornova, İzmir.
12. Kısmalı, Ş., N. Madanlar, Z. Yoldaş & A. Gül, 1997. Biological control practices against red spider mites in protected strawberries in İzmir (Turkey). The First Regional Conference on Interdisciplinary Strategies for Development of Desert Agriculture (23- 26 February, Sede-Boker Campus, Israel), 85-89.
13. Lampkin, N., 1990. Organic Farming. Farming Press Books, UK, 752 p.
14. van Lenteren, J. C. 2000. A greenhouse without pesticides: fact or fantasy?. Crop Protection 19 (6): 375-384.
15. Madanlar, N., 1999. Biological control practices of red spider mites on vegetables in greenhouses in İzmir (Turkey). FAO Newsletter, 5: 10-13.
16. Madanlar, N., Z. Yoldaş & E. Durmuşoğlu, 2000. Laboratory investigations on some natural pesticides for use against pests in vegetable greenhouses. Integrated Control in Protected Crops, Mediterranean Climate. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 23 (1): 281-288.
17. Madanlar, N., Z. Yoldaş, E. Durmuşoğlu & A. Gül, 2002. Investigations on the natural pesticides against pests in vegetable greenhouses in Izmir (Turkey). Türk. entomol. derg., 26 (3): 181-195.
18. Madanlar, N., Z. Yoldaş, E. Durmuşoğlu, M. Gümüş, E. Örümlü, E. Onoğur & Y. Tüzel, 2005. Plant protection practices in organic vegetable growing in greenhouse in the preservation zone of Tahtalı (Menderes, İzmir) dam. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 42 (1): 75-83.
19. Onoğur, E. & N. Çetinkaya, 1999. Ekolojik Tarımda Bitki Korumanın Genel İlkeleri. Ekolojik Tarım, Emre Basımevi, İzmir, 111-129.
20. Öncüer, C., Z. Yoldaş, N. Madanlar & A. Gül, 1994. Biological control practices against insect pests of greenhouse vegetables in Aegean Region. The Third Turkish National Congress of Biological Control (25-28 January, İzmir-Turkey), 395-407.
21. Sevgican A. 1999. Örtüaltı Sebzeciliği. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 528, Bornova, İzmir.
22. Tüzel, Y., A. Gül, Ö. Tuncay, İ. H. Tüzel, D. Anaç, B. Okur, B. Yağmur, A. R. Ongun, N. Okur, S. Göçmez, Z. Yoldaş, N. Madanlar, E. Durmuşoğlu, M. Gümüş, E. Onoğur, S. Engindeniz & R. Z. Eltez, 2002. Organic vegetable production under greenhouse conditions. FAO/AUB The First National Conference on IPP Managament of Greenhouse Crops (7 February, Lebanon), 55-72.
23. Tüzel, Y., A. Gül, Ö. Tuncay, D. Anaç, N. Madanlar, Z. Yoldaş, M. Gümüş, İ. H. Tüzel & S. Engindeniz, 2005. Organic cucumber production in the greenhouse: A case study from Turkey. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 20 (4): 206-213.
24. Yoldaş, Z., N. Madanlar & A. Gül, 1996. Biological control practices against pests in vegetable greenhouses in İzmir (Turkey). Proc. of Mediterranean Colloquium on Protected Cultivation, CIHEAM-Cahiers Options Mediterraneennes, (6-9 October, Agadir-Morocco), vol. 31, 425-434.
25. Yoldaş, Z., 1998. Biological control of whiteflies on vegetables in greenhouses in (Izmir) Turkey. FAO Newsletter, 4: 10-13.
26. Yoldaş, Z., N. Madanlar, A. Gül & E. Onoğur, 1999. Investigations on integrated control practices in vegetable glasshouses in İzmir. ISHS Symposium of Greenhouse Management for Better Yield and Quality in Mild Winter Climates (3-5 November, Antalya-Turkey), Acta Horticulturae, No: 486, 453-459.
27. Zender, G., G. M. Gurr, S. Kühne, M. R. Wade, S. D. Wratten & E. Wyss, 2007. Arthropod pest management in organic crops. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 52: 57-80.