Yaygın olarak kullanılan insektisitler, cypermethrin ve diazinon aktif maddelerinin Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) ve Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, 1960 (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)'un farklı tipteki davranış aktiviteleri üzerine etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada cypermethrin ve diazinon aktif maddelerinin kalıntı miktarlarının Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, 1960 (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) dişi bireylerinin davranışları üzerinde etkileri video/bilgisayar kayıt ve analiz sistemi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Coccinella septempunctata için her iki aktif maddenin 500-1000 μ / dozları, ve Aphidius uzbekistanicus için ise cypermethrinin 1000-2000 μ / ve diazinonun 250-500 μ / dozları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar diazinon uygulamasında avcıların gezinme süresinin cypermethrin uygulamasına göre daha uzun olduğunu göstermiştir. Cypermethrin uygulaması çoğunlukla yüksek açılarla dönen avcıların hızı üzerinde etkili olmamıştır. Diazinon uygulamasında avcı böcekler yüksek hız ile hareket etmiş ve düşük dönüş açıları ile aynı yöndehareket ederek yön değiştirmişlerdir. Cypermethrin uygulanmış alanlarda, C. septempunctata’nın hareket izleri sık sık kendi çevrelerinde hareket ettiklerini göstermiştir. Yüksek dozda diazinon uygulanmış alanlardaki avcı böcekler yoğun bir hareket izine sahip olmuşlardır. Uygulanan cypermethrin ve diazinonun her iki dozlarında da A. uzbekistanicus gezinmeye daha fazla ve duraklamaya daha az zaman harcamıştır. Yüksek dozlarda parazitoitin net hızı azalmıştır. Diazinon uygulamalarında parazitoit çoğunlukla yüksek açılarla dönerken, cypermethrinin yüksek dozlarında daha düşük açılarla daha az yön değiştirmiştir. Diazinon uygulanmış alanlarda, parazitoit cypermethrin uygulanmış alanlara göre daha geniş, kontrole göre ise daha dar bir hareket izi göstermiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsektisit
• Coccinella septempunctata
• Aphidius uzbekistanicus
• davranış
• aktivite

The effect of commonly used ınsecticides, cypermethrin and diazinon active ıngredients on different types of behavioural activities of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, 1960 (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

Abstract

In this study, the effects of residual deposits of active ingredients of cypermethrin and diazinon on behavioural activities of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, 1960 (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) females were investigated using a video/computer recording and measurement system. In this study, 500-1000 μ /A dosages of cypermethrin and diazinon for C. septempunctata and 1000-2000 μ /A dosages of cypermethrin and 250-500 μA/A dosages of diazinon for A. uzbekistanicus were tested at laboratory conditions in 2001-2002. The results obtained from behavioural activities, indicated that walking time of the predators was much higher in diazinon treatment than that in cypermethrin treatment, Cypermethrin treatment had no effect on the speed of predators, while they often turned with high angles. In diazinon treatment, predator insects moved with high speed and changed their direction by moving in same direction with low turning angles. In cypermethrin applied areas, movement traces of C. septempunctata indicated that they often turned their own surrondings. The predator insects in high diazinon dosage applied areas had a dense movement trace. At both application dosages of cypermethrin and diazinon A. uzbekistanicus spent more time in walking and less time in resting. At high dosages, net speed of the parasitoid decreased. At high dosage of cypermethrin, parasitoid slightly changed direction with low angles, while they often turned with high angles in diazinon treatments. In diazinon applied areas, parasitoid had dense movement trace in a slightly wider area than that in cypermethrin applied areas and narrower area than that in control

Keywords

• Insecticide
• Coccinella septempunctata
• Aphidius uzbekistanicus
• behaviour
• activity

Kaynakça

1. Başpınar, H. & N. Uygun, 1990. The side effects of some insecticides commonly used in citrus orchards in Çukurova on Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. and Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Proceedings of the Second Turkish National Congress of Biological Control, 26-29 September 1990, Ankara/Turkey, 283-288.
2. Blümel, S., G. A. Matthews, A. Grinstein & Y. Elad, 1999. Pesticides in IPM: Side Effects, Application and Resistance Problems. In, Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, (Ed. R. Albajes et al.), 150-167.
3. Borgemeister, C., H. M. Poehling, A. Dinter & C. Holler, 1993. Effects of insecticides on life history parameters of the aphid parasitoids Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hym.: Aphididae). Entomophaga, 38 (2): 245-255.
4. Cho, J., K. J. Hong, J. K. Yoo, J. R. Bang & J. O. Lee, 1997. Comparative toxicity of selected insecticides to Aphis citricola, Myzus malisctus (Homoptera: Aphididae), and the predator Harmonia axyridis (Coloptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 90 (1): 11-14.
5. Dalcı, K., T. Özsisli & A. A. Işıkber, 2009. A laboratory study on the effect of residual toxicity of some insecticides to the most commonly encountered beneficial insects in Kahramanmaras Region Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and Nabis punctatus Costa (Hemiptera: Nabidae). Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Journal of Natural Sciences 12 (1): 71-80.
6. Ferran, A. & A. F. G. Dixon, 1993. Foraging behaviour of ladybird larvae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). European Journal of Entomology, 90: 383-402.
7. Jansen, J. P., 2000. Side effects of pesticides on Aphidius rhopalosiphi DeStefani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) in the laboratory: Results of the 8th Joint Pesticide Testing Programme. Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms, IOBC/wprs Bulletin, 23 (9): 61-72.
8. Kalushkov, P., 1999. The effect of aphid prey quality on searching behaviour of Adalia bipunctata and its susceptibility to Insecticides. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 92: 277-282.

9. Karaca, I., N. Uygun & N. Tekeli, 1994. Investigations on the effects of some pesticides on Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Proceedings of the Third Turkish National Congress of Biological Control, 25-28 January 1994, İzmir/Turkey, 493-501.
10. Kazak, C. & E. Şekeroğlu, 1996. Effect of various pesticides on Phytoseilus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) by using slide dip method. Proceedings of the Third Turkish National Congress of Entomology, 24-28 September 1996, Ankara/Turkey, 639-647.
11. Kılınçer, N., S. Çobanoğlu & M. O. Gürkan, 1990. Side effects of some pesticides on beneficial arthropods Trichogramma turkiensis Kostadinov and Phytoseiulus persimilis A.H. in laboratory. Proceedings of the Second Turkish National Congress of Biological Control, 26-29 September 1990, Ankara/Turkey, 273-281.
12. Longley, M. & P. C. Jepson, 1996. The influence of insecticide residues on primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoid foraging behaviour in the laboratory. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 81: 259-269.
13. Nakamuta, K., 1982. Switchover in searching behaviour of Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) caused by prey consumption. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 17: 501-506.
14. Roger, C., D. Coderre & C. Vincent, 1994. Mortality and predation efficiency of Coleomegilla maculata lengi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) following pesticide applications.). Journal of Economic Entomology, 87 (3): 583-588.
15. SAS Institute, 1988. SAS Technical Report P-179, Additional SAS/STAT Procedures, Release 6.03. Cary, NC.
16. Toros, S., S. Maden, & S. Sözeri, 2001. Pest Management Techniques and Pesticides. University of Ankara Press, Ankara/Turkey, (In Turkish), 417 p.
17. Van De Veire, M., G. Sterk, M. Van Der Staaij & P. M. J. Ramakers, 2002. Sequential testing scheme for the assessment of the side-effects of plant protection products on the predatory bug Orius laevigatus. BioControl, 47: 101-103.
18. Varley, J. M., M. J. W. Copland, S. D. Wratten & M. D. Bowie, 1994. Parasites and Predators. p. 33-64 In S. D. Wratten (Ed). Video Techniques in Animal Ecology and Behaviour, Chapman and Hall, London. 211 pp.
19. Vohland, K., 1996. The influence of plant structure on searching behaviour in the ladybird, Scymnus nigrinus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). European Journal of Entomology, 93: 151-160.