Effects of soft soap and abamectin on the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis A-H (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under laboratory conditions

Abstract

Soft soap at three dosages (3 ml/L, 5 ml/L and 7 ml/L) and abamectin (12.5 mg/100L) were applied to bean plants determine their residual effects on the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis A-H (Acari: Phytoseiidae) later released for the control of the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions. The contact toxicity of soft soap and abamectin were evaluated and classified according to IOBC(International Organization for Biological Control) standards. The soap at 3 ml/L and 5 ml/L did not supress TSSM populations and could not provide satisfactory control when compared with soap at 7ml/L and abamectin. The efficacy of soap at 5 ml/L with P. persimilis gave sufficient control of TSSM when compared with soap at 3 ml/L with P. persimilis, and the predator alone. Both the soap at 7 ml/L and abamectin in combination with the predatory mite gave satisfactory control of TSSM ,but in the abamectin treatment, the predatory mite population was not observed due to harmful effects of abamectin. However, use of soft soap at suitable dosage, with or without predatory mite, gave encouraging results for controlling TSSM but was moderately toxic at 5 ml/L and 7 ml/L P. persimilis in contact toxicity testing by causing 50.0 % and 42.3 % mortality, respectively, to adulst of P. persimilis. In addition, abamectin at 12.5 and 25 mg/L (ppm) dosages was evaluated as harmful (T) to adults of P. persimilis. Separately, soft soap caused no phytotoxicity to host plants. However, its phytotoxicity needs to be further investigated under greenhouse and field conditions.

Keywords

• Soft soap, Abamectin, toxicity, Tetranychus urticae, Phytoseiulus persimilis

Laboratuvar koşullarında arap sabunu ve abamectinin iki noktalı kırmızı örümcek Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) ve predatör Phytoseiulus persimilis A-H (Acari: Phytoseiidae)'e etkileri

Öz

Laboratuvar koşullarında, fasulye bitkileri üzerinde yetiştirilen iki noktalı kırmızı örümcek Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) üzerine arap sabununun üç dozu (3ml/L, 5ml/L ve 7ml/L), abamectin (12.5mg/100L) ve Phytoseiulus persimilis A-H (Acari: Phytoseiidae)’in birlikte uygulamalarının etkileri belirlenmiştir. Arap sabunu ve abamectin’in kırmızı örümcek popülasyonuna kontakt toksisitesi değerlendirilmiş ve IOBC (Uluslararası Biyolojik Kontrol Organizasyonu)‘ye göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Arap sabununun 3 ml/L ve 5 ml/L dozları T. urticae popülasyonunu kontrol altına almada yeterli olmazken, 7ml/L arap sabunu dozu ve abamectin yeterli kontrol sağlamıştır. Arap sabununun 5ml/L dozu ve P. persimilis’in birlikte uygulanması; TSSM popülasyonunu baskına almada 3ml/L arap sabun dozu ile P. persimilis’in birlikte ve avcı akarın tek başına uygulanmasına oranla daha başarılı olmuştur. Avcı akar, arap sabunu (7ml/L dozu) ve abamectinin birlikte uygulamaları T. urticae (TSSM) popülasyonunu yeterli düzeyde baskı altına alabilmiştir. Abamectin uygulamaları avcı akar popülasyonu olumsuz etkilemektedir. Buna rağmen arap sabununun uygun dozu (5 ml/L and 7 ml/L), avcı ile birlikte veya tek olarak uygulandığında zararlı akar popülasyonunu baskı altına almada yeterli olmuştur. Söz konusu dozlar avcı akar P. persimilis’e orta derecede zararlı olmuştur. Arap sabununun (5 ml/L ve 7 ml/L dozları) kontakt toksisitisi IOBC kategorisine göre orta derecede zararlı (M) olarak değerlendirilmiş ve P. persimilis erginlerinde % 50.0 ve % 42.3 ölüm gözlenmişitir. Abamectin’inin 12.5 and 25 mg/L (ppm) dozları P. persimilis erginlerinde sırasıyla % 80.0 ve % 93.3 oranında ölüm meydana getirmiş, ve zararlı (T) olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Arap sabununun konukçu bitkiye herhangi bir olumsuz etkisi görülmemesine rağmen bu konunun sera ve tarla denemeleriyle de desteklenmesi gerektiği kanısına varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arap sabunu, Abamectin, toksisite, Tetranychus urticae, Phytoseiulus persimilis.

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