Pathotype characterization of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter in Turkey

Abstract

Turkey is ranked among top ten wheat producing countries in the world. Cereal cyst nematodes are considered one of the most damaging plant parasitic nematodes on wheat worldwide. Up to date, the most effective method of controlling this group of nematodes is the use of crop rotation and resistant varieties. The successful development of disease-resistant plants is contingent on knowledge of the pathotypes of the causal agent. In this study, three populations of Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter were collected from different locations (Afsin, Elbistan and Yozgat) in Turkey in order to identify their pathotype using “The International Test Assortment of Cereal Cultivars”. The results showed that two populations gave a similar reaction to the resistant and susceptible varieties. These populations were determined as Ha 33 pathotype which is a new report for Turkey.

Keywords

• Nematode
• wheat
• resistance
• susceptible
• virulence

Tahıl kist nematodu, Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter'nin patotipinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Türkiye dünya buğday üretiminde ilk on ülke arasında yer almaktadır. Tahıl kist nematodları dünya genelinde buğday yetiştiriciliğinde en zararlı bitki paraziti nematod gruplardan biri olarak bilinmektedir. Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalara göre bu nematod gurubu ile en etkin mücadele yöntemi münavebe ve dayanıklı çeşit kullanımıdır. Nematodlara karşı dayanıklı çeşit geliştirmede en önemli unsur hedeflenen alanlardaki nematodların popülasyonlarına ait patotiplerin belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmada Orta Anadolu Bölgesi’nde buğday alanlarında yaygın bulunan ve önemli zarara neden olan Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter’ nin patotipini belirlemek amacıyla üç farklı lokasyondan (Afsin, Elbistan and Yozgat) alınan popülasyonlar “Uluslararası test materyalleri” kullanılarak denemeye alınmıştır. Bu araştırma sonucunda her üç populasyonun H. filipjevi’nin Ha3 gurubu Ha 33 patotipine ait olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nematod
• buğday
• dayanıklı
• hassas
• virülens

Kaynakça

1. Andersen, S. & K. Andersen, 1982. Suggestions for determination and terminology of pathotype and genes for resistance in cyst-forming nematodes, especially Heterodera avenae. EPPO Bulletin, 12: 379-386.
2. Bockus, W.W., R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, W.L. Morrill, T.D. Murray & R. W. Smiley, 2009. Compendium of wheat diseases and insects. 3rd ed. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA, 171 pp.
3. Cook, R., & K. Evans. 1987. “Resistance and Tolerance, 179-231”. In: Principles and Practice of Nematode Control in Crops. (Eds. R. H. Brown & B. R. Kerry ). Academic Press, Marrickville, NSW, Australia.
4. Cook, R., & R. Rivoal, 1998. “Genetics of Resistance and Parasitism, 322-352”. In: The Cyst Nematodes. (Ed. Sharma, S.B. ). Chapman and Hall: London, UK, 440 pp.
5. Cook, R. & G. R. Noel, 2002. “Cyst Nematodes: Globodera and Heterodera Species, 71-105”. In: Plant Resistance to Parasitic Nematodes (Eds. Starr, J. L., Cook, R. & Bridge, J.). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 272 pp.
6. Evans, K. & J. A. Rowe, 1998. “Distribution and economic importance, 1-30”. In: The cyst nematodes. (Ed. S. B. Sharma). Chapman and Hall: London, UK, 440 pp.
7. Gözel, U., 2001. Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi Buğday Alanlarinda Bulunan Bitki Paraziti Nematod Türleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (Basılmamış) Doktora Tezi, Adana (Turkey), 129 S.
8. Handoo, Z. A. 2002. A key and compendium to species of the Heterodera avenae Group (Nematoda: Heteroderidae). Journal of Nematology, 34:250-262.

9. İmren, M., A. Ozarslandan, H. Toktay, A. Ocal, I. H. Elekcioğlu, A. Dababat & J. M. Nicol, 2010. Occurrence and distribution of cereal cyst nematodes, Heterodera avenae and H. latipons in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Proceedings of the Fourth COST 872 Annual meeting 23 th -27 th May 2010, Lisbon, Portugal. 68 pp.
10. İmren, M., H. Toktay, A. Ozarslandan, J. M. Nicol & H. Elekcioğlu, 2012a. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi tahıl alanlarında Tahıl kist nematodu, Heterodera avenae group türlerinin belirlenmesi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 36 (4): 491-499 .
11. İmren, M., H. Toktay, A. Ozarslandan, A. Dababat & I. H. Elekcioğlu, 2012b. Effect of temperatures on incubation duration of Heterodera avenae cysts and optimization of some materials and methods. Journal of Turkish Entomology , 36 (4): 587-595
12. İmren, M., H. Toktay, R. Bozbuga, A. Dababat & I. H. Elekçioğlu, 2012c. Pathotype determination of the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae (Wollenweber, 1924) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in Turkey. Journal of Turkish Entomology (in press).
13. Ireholm, A., 1994. Characterization of pathotypes of cereal cyst nematodes, Heterodera spp., in Sweden. Nematologica. 40:399-411.
14. Kort, J., 1960. A technique for the extraction of Heterodera cysts from wet soil and for the estimation of their egg and larval content. Verslagen en Medelingen Plantenziektenkundige Dienst. Wageningen. Netherlands, 233: 3-7. Mc Donald, A. H. & J. M. Nicol, 2005. “Nematode Parasites of Cereals, 131-191”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds. M. Luc, R.A. Sikora, & J. Bridge). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 896 pp.
15. Mokabli, A., S. Valette, J. P. Gauthier & R. Rivoal, 2002. Variation in virulence of cereal cyst nematode populations from North Africa and Asia. Nematology, 4 (4): 521 – 525.
16. Nicol, J. M., 2002. “Important Nematode Pests, 345- 366”. In: Bread Wheat (Eds. B.C. Curtis, S. Rajaram & H. Macpherson). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 566 pp.
17. Nicol, J.M., R. Rivoal, S. Taylor & M. Zaharieva, 2003. Global importance of cyst (Heterodera spp.) and lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) on cereals: Distribution, yield loss, use of host resistance and integration of molecular tools. Nematolology Monographs Perspectives, 2:1-19.
18. Nicol, J. M & R. Rivoal, 2008. “Global Knowledge and Its Application for The Integrated Control and Management of Nematodes on Wheat, 243-287”. In: Integrated Management and Biocontrol of Vegetable and Grain Crops Nematodes (Eds. A. Ciancio & K.G. Mukerji). Springer, The Netherlands, 356 pp.
19. Özarslandan M., A. Özarslandan, J. M. Nicol & I. H. Elekcioglu. 2010. Tahil kist nematodu, Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter'nin patotipinin belirlenmesi ve buğday genotiplerinin, H. filipjevi populasyonlanna karşı dayanıklılıklarının araştırılması. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 34(4): 515-527.
20. Rivoal, R & R. Cook, 1993. “Nematode pests of cereals, 259-303”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Temperate Agriculture, (Eds. K. Evans, D. L. Trudgill & J. M. Webster,) CAB International, Wallingford, England, 648 pp. Rivoal, R., S. Bekal, S. Valette, J. P. Gauthier, M. Bel Hadj Fradj, A. Mokabli, J. Jahier, J. M. Nicol & A. Yahyaoui, 200 Variation in reproductive capacity and virulence on different genotypes and resistance genes of Triticeae, in the cereal cyst nematode species complex. Nematology, 3: 581-592.
21. Rumpenhorst, H. J., I. H. Elekçioğlu, D. Sturhan, G. Öztürk, & S. Enneli, 1996. The Cereal Cyst Nematode Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) in Turkey. Nematologia Mediterranea, 24: 135-138.
22. Subbotin S. A., L. Waeyenberge & M. Moens, 2000. Identification of cyst forming nematodes of the genus Heterodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) based on the ribosomal DNA-RFLP. Nematology, 2: 153-164.
23. Subbotin S., A. D. Sturhan, H. J. Rumpenhorst & M. Moens 2003. Molecular and morphological characterisation of the Heterodera avenae species complex (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). Nematology, 5: 515-538.
24. Subbotin S., A. Mundo-Ocampo & J. G. Baldwin, 2010. “Biology and Evolution, 68” In: Systematics of Cyst Nematodes (Nematode: Heteroderinae) Nematology monographs and Perspectives 8A. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. pp 352.
25. Şahin, E., J. M. Nicol, İ. H. Elekcioğlu & R. Rivoal, 2010. Hatching of Heterodera filipjevi in controlled and natural temperature conditions in Turkey. Nematology, 12 (2): 193-200.
26. Tanha Maafi, Z., S. A. Subbotin & M. Moens, 2003. Molecular identification of cyst forming nematodes (Heteroderidae) from Iran and a phylogeny based on ITS – rDNA sequences. Nematology, 5: 99–111.
27. Toktay, H., E. Yavuzaslanoğlu, M. İmren, J. M. Nicol, I. H Elekçioğlu & A. Dababat, 2012. Screening for resistance to Heterodera filipjevi and Pratylenchus thornei in sister lines of spring wheat. Journal of Turkish Entomology, 36(4): 455-461
28. Toktay, H., 2008. Bazı Yazlık Buğday Çeşitlerinin Pratylenchus thornei Sher et Allen (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)’ye Karşı Dayanıklılığının Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (Basılmamış) Doktora Tezi, Adana (Turkey), 117 S.
29. Turner, S. J. & J. A. Rowe, 2006. “Cyst Nematodes, 93-122”. In: Plant Nematology (Eds. R. N. Perry & M. Moens). CAB International, Wallingford, England, 480 pp.
30. Yüksel, H., 1973. Studies on the morphological and biological differences of Heterodera species (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) in Turkey. Ataturk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 4: 53–71.
31. Whitehead, A. G., 1997. Plant Nematode Control. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK, 448 pp.