Fumigant toxicity of monoterpenoid compounds against the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the fumigant toxicity of the monoterpenoid compounds; α-pinene, pcymene, eugenol, cuminaldehyde, linalyl acetate, linalool, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, limonene, β-pinene, allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulphide against all life stages of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. at 25°C and 65% RH. Preliminary biological tests were performed to test the fumigant activity of monoterpenoid compounds against all life stages of T. confusum exposed to a dose of 100 µLL−1 for 24-h. Preliminary biological tests indicated that allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulphide had high fumigant activity on all life stages of the test insect with mortality rates ranging from 92 to 100%, while cuminaldehyde was highly toxic to only its egg stage. Other monoterpenoid compounds, apart from cuminaldehyde, allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulphide, showed low fumigant toxicity to all life stages of the test insect with mortality rates ranging from 0 to 27.3%. Allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulfide were the only compounds to kill all life stages of T. confusum. Lethal concentration tests showed that allyl isothiocyanate was more toxic to T. confusum larvae, pupa and adults with 5.99, 2.69 and 3.50 µLL−1 LC90 values, respectively, than diallyl disulphide by 98.06, 42.26 and 47.57 µLL−1 LC90 values, respectively. The complete mortality of all life stages of T. confusum was achieved at a Ct product (Concentration x time) of 254 mg h L-1 of allyl isothiocyanate. Based on the toxicity data, allyl isothiocyanate has potential as a fumigant for controlling stored-grain insects

Keywords

• Monoterpenoids, fumigant toxicity, Tribolium confusum, phytochemicals

Monoterpenoid bileşiklerin, Kırma biti Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerine fumigant toksisitesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, önemli bir depo zararlısı olan Kırma Biti, Tribolium confusum du Val.’ un tüm gelişme dönemlerine karşı, α-pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, cuminaldehyde, linalyl acetate, linalool, α-terpinene, gamma terpinene, limonene, β-pinene, allyl isothiocyanate ve diallyl disülfide monoterpenoid bileşiklerinin fumigant etkisinin belirlenmesine yönelik olarak, 25°C sıcaklık ve %65 nem koşullarında biyolojik testler yürütülmüştür. Ön biyolojik testlerde, T. confusum’ un tüm dönemleri monoterpenoid bileşiklerin 100 µLL-1 konsantrasyonuna, 24 saat süreyle maruz bırakılmıştır. Ön biyolojik testler sonucunda allyl isothiocyanate ve diallyl disulfide bileşikleri T. confusum’ un tüm dönemlere karşı yüksek fumigant etki göstermiş ve ölüm oranları %92 ile %100 arasında değişmiştir. Cuminaldehyde’in ise sadece yumurta dönemine yüksek toksik etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Cuminaldehyde, allyl isothiocyanate ve diallyl disulphide bileşikleri dışındaki diğer monoterpenoid bileşikler %0 ila 27.3 arasında değişen ölüm oranlarına sahip olarak düşük bir fumigant etki göstermiştir. Tribolium confusum’ un tüm yaşam dönemlerini sadece allyl isothiocyanate ve diallyl disulfide bileşikleri öldürücü etki göstermiştir. Lethal konsantrasyon testleri sonucunda T. confusum’ un larva, pupa ve ergin dönemleri için allyl isothiocyanate ile dially disülfide’ e ait LC90değerleri sırasıyla 5.99, 2.69 and 3.50 µLL−1 ve 98.06, 42.26 and 47.57 µLL−1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar allyl isothiocyanate’ ın T.confusum’ un tüm yaşam dönemlerine, diallyl disulfide’den daha toksik olduğunu göstermiştir. Allyl isothiocyanate bileşiğinin, T. confusum’ un tüm yaşam dönemlerini öldürmek için gerekli olacak Ct product değeri 254 mg h L-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, toksisite verileri, allyl isothiocyanate bileşiğinin depolanmış tahıl zararlılarının kontrolünde potansiyel bir fumigant olabileceğini göstermiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Monoterpenoidler, fumigant toksisite, Tribolium confusum, fitokimyasallar

Kaynakça

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