Distribution of nematodes on onion and their relationship with soil physicochemical characteristics in Karaman province, Turkey

Yıl 2015, , 251 - 259, 02.02.2015

Fatma Bayram Ebru Aslan

https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.98319

Cited By: 3

Öz

The distribution of plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes on onion rhizospheres and plant material and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties was investigated in Karaman province. Plant and soil samples totalling 100 were collected from onion fields during July, 2012. Nematode population density per three plants and 100 g of dry soil were determined for each sample. Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) was found in 15% of plants and 61% of soil samples. Nematode numbers ranged between 0 and 140 (mean: 5) nematodes/three plants and 0–165 (mean: 33) nematodes/100 g dry soil. Other abundant plant-parasitic nematode genera were Paratylenchus (Micoletzky 1922) (Tylenchida: Paratylenchidae) (56%) and Tylenchus (Bastian 1865) (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae) (49%). The most abundant free-living nematodes were bacterivorous nematodes, which were found in 98% of samples, and were dominated by the Cephalobus (Bastian 1863) (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) and Eucephalobus (Steiner 1936) (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) genera. The majority of soil samples (68%) contained fungivorous nematodes belonging to the Aphelenchus (Bastian 1865) (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchidae) and Aphelenchoides (Fischer 1894) (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) genera. Omnivorous nematodes in the Dorilaimida order were found in 23% of soil samples. The distribution of plant- and bacterial-feeding nematodes were negatively related to the soil silt content and positively related to the soil sand content. Hyphal-feeding nematodes were negatively related to soil organic matter

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alticini, diversity, Bafa Lake Natural Park, new record, Turkey

Türkiye Karaman ilinde soğan ekiliş alanlarında bulunan nematodların dağılımı ve toprak fizikokimyasal özellikleri ile ilişkileri

Öz

Soğan ekiliş alanlarındaki bitki paraziti ve serbest yaşayan nematodlar tespit edilmiş ve toprak fizikokimyasal özellikleriyle ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Yüz soğan ekili alandan 2012 Temmuz ayında 100 adet bitki ve toprak örneği alınmıştır. Nematod sayıları 3 bitki başına ve 100 g kuru topraktaki nematod sayısı olarak verilmiştir. Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) bitki örneklerinin %15’inde, toprak örneklerinin %61’inde bulunmuştur. Nematod sayıları 3 bitki başına 0-140 nematod, ortalama olarak 5 nematod, 100 g toprakta ise 0-165 arasında ortalama olarak 33 nematod olarak tespit edilmiştir. Paratylenchus (Micoletzky 1922) (Tylenchida: Paratylenchidae) (56%) ve Tylenchus (Bastian 1865) (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae) (49%) türleri yoğun olarak bulunan diğer bitki paraziti nematodlardır. Serbest yaşayan nematodlar içinde en yüksek %98 oranında bulunan bakterivor nematodlar içinde en fazla bulunan cinsler Cephalobus (Bastian 1863) (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) ve Eucephalobus’(Steiner 1936) (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) dur. Aphelenchus (Bastian 1865) (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchidae) ve Aphelenchoides (Fischer 1894) (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) cinslerine ait fungivor nematodlar örneklerin %86’sında bulunmuştur. Dorylaimida takımına ait omnivor nematodlar, örneklerin %23’ünde bulunmuştur. Bitki paraziti ve bakterivor nematodların dağılımı toprak mil içeriği ile ters ve kum içeriği ile doğrusal bir ilişki içerisindedir. Fungivor nematodlar ise toprak organik madde yoğunluğu ile negatif ilişki göstermiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alticini, çeşitlilik, Bafa Gölü Tabiat Parkı, yeni kayıt, Türkiye

Kaynakça

• Anonymous, 2011a. . (Web page: http://traglor.cu.edu.tr/objects/objectFile/hGElceBU-812013-39.pdf) (Access date: January 2014)
• Anonymous, 2011b. EPPO quarantine pest, data sheets on quarantine pest, Ditylenchus dipsaci, A2 list: No: 174.
• Anonymous, 2013. (Web page: http://www.tarimsalbilgi.org/forums/bitki-besin-elementleri/toprak-analiz-sonuclarinin- degerlendirilmesinde-kullanilan-kriterler/) (Access date: July, 2013)
• Anonymous, 2014a. . (Web page: http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor) (Access date: February 2014)
• Anonymous, 2014b. . (Web page: http://www.tuik.gov.tr) (Access date: January 2014) Anonymous, 2014c. A2 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests (version 2013-09) . (Web page: http://www.eppo.int/QUARANTINE/listA2.htm) (Access date: February 2014)
• Bongers, T. & M. Bongers, 1998. Functional diversity of nematodes. Applied Soil Ecology, 10: 239-251.
• Brzeski, M.W., 1991. Review of the genus Ditylenchus (Filipjev 1936) (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Revue de Nematologie, 14 (1): 9-59.
• Caglar, K.Ö., 1949. Soil Science. Ankara University Publication No:10, Ankara, 89 s.
• Elgin, J.H., D.W. Evans & L.R. Faulkner, 1975. Factors affecting the infection of Alfalfa seedlings by Ditylenchus dipsaci. Journal of Nematology, 7 (4): 380-383.
• Gerasimow, B.A., 1954. Measures for controlling the stem nematode injurious to onion and garlic, Trudi Prob Itema Sowing Academia, 3: 223-231.
• Hooper, D.J., 1986a. Extraction of Free Living Stages from Soil. In: Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (Ed: Southey, J.F). Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, UK, 202 pp.
• Hooper, D.J., 1986b. Handling, Fixing, Staining and Mounting Nematodes. In: Laboratory Methods For Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (Ed: Southey, J.F.). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, UK, 202 pp.
• Mennan, S. & O. Ecevit, 2002. Farklı preparatların Ditylenchus dipsaci soğan ırkına karşı etkinliği üzerinde araştırmalar, O. M. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17 (16): 20-24.
• Miyagawa, S.T. & B. Lear, 1970. Factors influencing survival of Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) in soil. Journal of Nematology, 2 (2): 139-142.
• Mollov, D. S., S. A. Subbotin & C. Rosen, 2012. First report of Ditylenchus dipsaci on garlic in Minnesota. Plant
• Diseases, 96 (11): 1707.
• Nickle, W.R., 1991. Manual of Agricultural Nematology, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Basel, Hong Kong, 1035 pp.
• Nicol, J.M., S.J. Turner, D.L. Coyne, L. Nijs, S. Hockland & Z. Tahna-Maafi, 2011. Current Nematode Threats to World Agriculture. In: Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant Nematode Interactions (Eds: Jones J., G. Gheysen, C. Fenoll). Springer, London, New York, 557 pp.
• Knudsen, A., 1975. Recommended Phosphorus Soil Tests. North Central Regional Publication, 221 pp.
• Oztürk, G., 1990. Konya, Karaman ve Nevşehir Illeri Soğan (Allium cepa L.) Ekiliş Alanlarında Bulunan Tylenchida Takımına Ait Bitki Paraziti Nematod Türleri Üzerinde Taksonomik Araştırmalar, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 214 s.
• Richards, L.A., 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement Saline and Alkaline Soils. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington D.C., 160 pp.
• Saltukoglu, M.E., 1974. A Taxonomical and Morphological Study of Tylenchida (Nematoda) from the Istanbul Area (Turkey). State University of Gent, PhD thesis, Belgium.
• Seinhorst, J.W., 1956. Population studies on stem eelworms (Ditylenchus dipsaci). Nematologica, 1: 159-164.
• Sikora, R.A. & E. Fernandez, 2005. Nematode Parasites of Vegetables, In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds.: Luc, M., R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge). CABI Publishing, London, UK, 871 pp.
• Sturhan, D. & M.W. Brzesky, 1991. Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. 423-465. In: Manual of Agricultural Nematology (Ed: Nickle W.R.). Marcel Dekker, New York, USA, 1064 pp.
• Tüzüner, A., 1990. Toprak ve Su Analiz Laboratuvarları El Kitabı.Tarım Orman ve Köyişleri bakanlığı, Ankara, 374 s.
• Walkley, A., 1946. A. Critical examination of a rapid method for determining organic carbon in soil. Soil Science, 63: 251-263.
• Yeates, G.W., T.D.E. Bongers, R.G.M. Goede, D.W. Freckman & S.S. Georgieva, 1993. Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera–an outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology, 25: 315-331.
• Yüksel, H.S., 1958. İç Anadolu soğanlarında ilk defa tespit edilen sak ve soğan nematodu (Ditylenchus dipsaci grup). Tomurcuk, 77: 5-6.