Insecticide resistance in two populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Turkey

Abstract

In this study, the resistance of two (Aydın and Urla) populations of T. absoluta against five commonly used insecticides (indoxacarb, spinosad, azadirachtin, chlorantraniliprole and metaflumizone) were determined. Further, the activity of insecticide detoxifying enzymes [gluthation-S-transferase (GST) and esterase (EST)] was also evaluated to confirm the resistance. Aydın population of T. absoluta had higher resistant values 8-fold, 3.79-fold, 6.4-fold and 1.84-fold for indoxacarb, metaflumizone, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole, respectively against all insecticides except azadirachtin compared to the Urla population. It was determined that in comparison with T.absoluta population from Aydın, the Urla population can be more susceptible to other insecticides except azadirachtin. GST enzyme activity was 1.5-fold higher in Aydın than the Urla populations, however, EST enzyme had similar activity in both the populations. The results of study imply that T. absoluta populations from Aydın (Turkey) can be resistant against indoxacarb, metaflumizone, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole. Increased GST enzyme activity in resistant populations confirms this resistance development. Insecticides of plant origin like azadirachtin, for which least insecticide resistance was recorded, may be applied in combination with other methods to effectively control T. absoluta.

Keywords

• Tuta absoluta, resistance, enzymes, leaf dip

Türkiye'deki iki Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populasyonunda insektisit direnci

Öz

Bu çalışmada T. absoluta'nın iki populasyonunun (Aydın ve Urla) en çok kullanılan 5 insektisite karşı (indoxacarb, spinosad, azadirachtin, chlorantraniliprol ve metaflumizon) direnç durumları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca detoksifikasyon enzimlerinin [glutation-S-transferaz (GST) ve esteraz (EST)] aktiviteleri de direnci doğrulamak için saptanmıştır. T.absoluta Aydın populasyonunun azadirachtin hariç diğer insektisitlere karşı (Urla populasyonuna göre) sırasıyla indoxacarb, metaflumizon, spinosad ve chlorantaraniliprol'e karşı 8, 3.79, 6.4 ve 1.84 kat direnç geliştirdiği gözlenmiştir. Aydın populasyonu ile karşılaştırıldığında Urla populasyonunun azadirachtin hariç diğer insektisitlere karşı daha duyarlı olabileceği saptanmıştır. GST enzim aktivitesi Urla populasyonuna göre Aydın populasyonunda 1.5-kat fazla iken, EST enzimi için her iki populasyonda benzer sonuçlar bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Aydın (Türkiye)'dan alınan bir T. absoluta populasyonunun indoxacarb, metaflumizon, spinosad ve chlorantraniliprol'e karşı dirençli olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Dirençli populasyondaki artan GST enzim aktivitesi, bu direnç gelişimini doğrulamaktadır. En az insektisit direnci rapor edilmiş olan bitkisel kaynaklı insektisit azadirachtin diğer metodlarla birlikte bu zararlının etkili bir şekilde kontrol edilmesinde uygulanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tuta absoluta, direnç, enzimler, yaprak daldırma

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