Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the Tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato field

Abstract

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a very challenging pest that causes economical losses in tomato production. This devastating pest originated from South America was the first time detected in İzmir province of Turkey in August 2009. The efficacy of the infective juveniles (IJs) of four native entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species, Steinernema affine (Bovien) (isolate 46), S. carpocapsae (Weiser) (isolate 1133), S. feltiae (Filipjev) (isolate 879) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (isolate 1144) was investigated against the larvae of T. absoluta in the field during the tomato production seasons of 2012-2013 in Çanakkale. Individuals of T. absoluta were collected from infested tomato fields in Çanakkale and mass produced on tomato plants in a climate controlled room. EPNs were isolated from different parts of Turkey and mass produced by using Galleria mellonella larvae in the laboratory. The tomato leaf miners were exposed to each nematode species at the rate of 50 IJs/cm² on tomato plants in cages. T. absoluta were susceptible to all EPNs tested but the degree of susceptibility of the larvae to EPN infection varied according to the species. The most effective nematode species on T. absoluta larvae was S. feltiae (isolate 879) with 90.7% and 94.3% mortality in 2012 and 2013, respectively, whereas the least effective species was S. affine (isolate 46) with 39.3% and 43.7% mortality in 2012 and 2013, respectively. EPNs can be potential canditates to control tomato leafminer, so the integration possibility of these biological agents into the T. absoluta management programme is discussed. 

Keywords

• Biological control, entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis, Steinernema, Tuta absoluta

Entomopatojen nematodların Domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı domates tarlasındaki etkinliği

Öz

Domates güvesi, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) domates üretiminde ekonomik kayıplara neden olan, mücadelesi zor bir zararlıdır. Tahrip gücü yüksek bu zararlı Güney Amerika orijinli olup, ülkemizde ilk olarak 2009 Ağustosu’nda İzmir’de tespit edilmiştir. Dört yerel entomopatojen nematod türü; Steinernema affine (Bovien) (izolat 46), S. carpocapsae (Weiser) (izolat 1133), S. feltiae (Filipjev) (izolat 879) ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (izolat 1144)’nın T. absoluta’ya karşı etkinliği tarlada 2012-2013 Çanakkale domates üretim sezonu süresince araştırılmıştır. T. absoluta bireyleri Çanakkale’deki bulaşık domates tarlalarından toplanmış ve iklim odasında domates bitkileri üzerinde kitle üretimi yapılmıştır. EPN’ler ise ülkemizin farklı bölgelerinden elde edilmiş ve laboratuarda Galleria mellonella larvalarında kitle üretimi yapılmıştır. Her bir nematod türü domates güvesine kafeslerdeki domates bitkileri üzerinde 50 IJs/cm² olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. T. absoluta’nın, denemede kullanılan tüm EPN’lere karşı duyarlı olduğu tespit edilmiş, ancak larvaların infeksiyona karşı gösterdiği duyarlılık nematod türüne bağlı olarak değişiklik göstermiştir. S. feltiae (izolat 879) 2012 ve 2013 yıllarında sırası ile meydana getirdiği %90.7 ve %94.3 ölüm oranları ile en etkili tür olarak tespit edilmişken, S. affine (izolat 46) 2012 ve 2013 yıllarında sırası ile meydana getirdiği %39.3 ve %43.7 ölüm oranları ile en az etkili tür olarak tespit edilmiştir. EPN’ler domates güvesini kontrol etmek için potansiyel adaylar olabilir, bu nedenle bu biyolojik ajanların T. absoluta’nın mücadele programına dahil edilme olasılığı üzerinde durulmalıdır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik mücadele, entomopatojen nematodlar, Heterorhabditis, Steinernema, Tuta absoluta

Kaynakça

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