Entomopatojen fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1’in kök-ur nematodlarının (Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita ve M. arenaria) mücadelesinde etkinliği

Öz

Kök-ur nematod ları (KUN) (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae)’ları sebzelerin en önemli zararlılarındandır. Türkiye’de daha çok kıyı kesimlerinde seralarda yetiştirilen sebzelerde daha çok ve yoğun olarak görülmektedir. Ticari nematisitler çevre ve insan sağlığına yüksek oranda toksik olduklarından alternatif mücadele yöntemlerine ihtiyaç vardır. Bu metotlar arasında en etkili ve çevre dostu olan yöntemler içerisinde entomopatojen fungus (EPF)’ların kullanımı önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada KUN [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood ve M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood]’lerin mücadelesinde Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson) (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae)’in Türk izolatının kullanım olanağı değerlendirilmiştir. Denemeler plastik saksılarda yürütülmüş ve KUN’lerin 3000 yumurta ve 1000 L2 dönemleri toprağın 2 cm derinliğine uygulanmıştır. P. ilacinum, hemasitometrede 106, 107 ve 108 cfu ml-1 konsantrasyonda konidi sayımları yapılarak hazırlanmıştır. Pozitif kontrol KUN yumurtaları veya L2’leri içermekte, negatif kontrol de ise KUN bulunmamaktadır. Denemeler her uygulama için 5 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Her bitkideki toplam yumurta sayısı, bitki uzunluğu, bitki üst kısımlarının kuru ve yaş ağırlığı ile kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı kaydedilmiştir. Deneme sonuçlarına göre nematod sayısı inokulum yoğunluğunun artışına bağlı olarak azalmıştır. Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1‘in 108 cfu konsantrasyonu diğer konsantrasyonlardan daha etkili bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kök-ur nematodları
• Purpureocillium lilacinum
• entomopatojen
• biyolojik kontrol
• sebze

Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi, Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 for the control of the Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. arenaria)

Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) are one of the major pests of the vegetables causing losses in crop production by forming knots on the roots. RKNs are generally seen in the greenhouse vegetable production areas of the coastal regions of Turkey. Because of commercial nematicides are highly toxic to environment and human health, alternative control strategies are needed.  One of effective and environmental friendly methods is using entomopathogen fungi (EPFs) against nematodes. In this study, a potential biological control agents, Turkish isolate of EPF, Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson) (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) was evaluated to control three species [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood] of RKNs. Experiments were conducted in plastic pots, 1000 J2s and 3000 eegs of RKNs were applied to 2 cm deep holes in the pots. The serial dilutions of P. lilacinum conidia were prepared 10⁶, 10⁷ and 10⁸ cfu ml^-1 concentrations under haemocytometer. The two controls were pots with RKN eggs or J2s (positive control), and no RKN (negative control). Bioassays were replicated (pots) five times for each treatment. Total number of egg masses for each plant, plant height, fresh and dry weight of the upper parts of plants and fresh and dry root weight were recorded. Numbers of nematodes were decreased by increasing the inoculum level of the entomopatogenic fungi. 10⁸ cfu concentrations of Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 were found more effective then other concentrations applied.

Keywords

• Root-knot nematodes
• Purpureocillium lilacinum
• entomopathogen
• biological control
• vegetable

Kaynakça

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